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Lecture notes on Protein
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Notes on a lecture given about protein in relation to human physiology.
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Protein!Average intake in the UK is 80 g/day
Protein has satieting effect!
Protein : molecule containing one or more chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Linear polymers of amino acids are the primary structure
Every protein starts with the amino acid, methionine
Functions of proteins
Structural, hormonal. Enzymes, homeostasis, transport, barrier and inflammation, precursors for
other molecules
40% of protein found in skeletal muscle
33kg for average man
21kg for average woman
No protein store
Human proteins in constant turnover
Chronic lack of protein leads to breakdown of body protein (wasting)
Skeletal muscle and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18 - 88yr Look up study today
Muscle mass starts decreasing from 30 years of age onwards
Physical activity important
, Protein turnover
Only about 30 - 40 g is lost obligatory so needs to be replaced
Digestion and absorption of protein
Digested by enzymes (proteases and peptidases, strong substrate specificities (has a very
specific choice of substrate that it will breakdown) (will only cut a particular point in the chain))
Not 100%
Don’t have right enzymes to digest some proteins (gluten)
Plant proteins difficult to digest (enzymes not specific for plant amino acids) (alot of plant
proteins digested in seeds (seeds packed in storage molecules))
Cooked animal and plant proteins make protein more digestible (more accessible to enzymes)
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