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Samenvatting Psychopathologie, ISBN: 9789401453547 Psychopathologie
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Samenvatting psychopathologie HoGent (enkel deeltje suïcide ontbreekt, dit post ik later)
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Kwaliteit van leven bij mensen met psychische kwetsbaarheid
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Psychopathologie
, Samenvatting
Orthopedagogie
2020 – 2021
Inhoudsopgave
1 Een helikopterblik op onze geestelijke gezondheidszorg........................................................................................................ 6
1.1 De geschiedenis van de psychiatrie: een kort overzicht..............................................................................................................6
1.1.1 Periode 1: prehistorie en de oudheid..................................................................................................................................6
1.1.2 Periode 2: rond 300 na christus - 1600................................................................................................................................6
1.1.3 Periode 3: 1600 – 1800........................................................................................................................................................7
1.1.4 Periode 4: 19e eeuw.............................................................................................................................................................7
1.1.5 Periode 5: eerste helft 20e eeuw..........................................................................................................................................7
1.1.6 Periode 6: halfweg de 20e eeuw - 2010...............................................................................................................................8
1.2 De psychiatrie vandaag: nieuw paradigma................................................................................................................................9
1.2.1 Ervaringsdeskundigen..........................................................................................................................................................9
1.2.2 Projecten art. 107 voor volwassenen..................................................................................................................................9
1.2.3 Nieuw geestelijk gezondheidsbeleid voor kinderen en jongeren......................................................................................10
1.2.4 DSM of ICD?.......................................................................................................................................................................11
1.2.5 Bio-psychosociale benadering...........................................................................................................................................11
1.2.6 Wat is normaal in de psychiatrie?......................................................................................................................................11
1.3 Een aantal markante vaststellingen op vlak van geestelijke gezondheidszorg........................................................................11
1.3.1 Overconsumptie van antidepressiva..................................................................................................................................11
1.3.2 Zelfdodingen......................................................................................................................................................................11
1.3.3 Kinderen en jongeren.........................................................................................................................................................11
1.3.4 Allochtonen........................................................................................................................................................................11
1.3.5 Mindfullness.......................................................................................................................................................................12
1.3.6 Naar een values based mental health care en kwaliteitsindicatoren................................................................................12
1.3.7 Kwaliteitsmetingen in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg.....................................................................................................12
1.3.8 Accreditering van psychiatrische ziekenhuizen: hype of duurzaam systeem?..................................................................12
1.3.9 Wetenschappelijk onderzoek.............................................................................................................................................12
1.3.10 Risico’s op somatische problemen...................................................................................................................................12
1.3.11 Daderhulp en preventie hulp...........................................................................................................................................12
2 Diagnose en behandeling.................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1 Wat is een psychiatrische ziekte?..............................................................................................................................................12
2.1.1 Symptoom en syndroom....................................................................................................................................................12
2.1.2 Wat zijn normale psychische functies?..............................................................................................................................13
2.2 Biopsychosociaal model als uitgangspunt................................................................................................................................13
2.3 Medisch model..........................................................................................................................................................................13
2.4 Anamnese en onderzoek...........................................................................................................................................................13
2.4.1 Diagnostisch proces...........................................................................................................................................................14
2.5 Diagnose....................................................................................................................................................................................15
2.6 Etiologie.....................................................................................................................................................................................15
2.6.1 Biologische factoren...........................................................................................................................................................15
2.6.2 Psychologische factoren.....................................................................................................................................................15
2.6.3 Sociale factoren..................................................................................................................................................................15
2.7 Behandeling...............................................................................................................................................................................15
3 Aanbod en organisatie van de geestelijke gezondheidszorg................................................................................................. 16
3.1 Huisartsen en zelfstandig gevestigde psychiaters, psychologen en psychotherapeuten.........................................................16
3.2 Erkenning van klinisch psychologen en klinisch orthopedagogen en terugbetaling van prestaties.........................................16
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, 3.3 Centra Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg.........................................................................................................................................16
3.4 Psychiatrische ziekenhuizen, psychiatrische diensten in algemene en universitaire ziekenhuizen en universitaire
psychiatrische bedden.....................................................................................................................................................................16
3.5 Poliklinische zorg.......................................................................................................................................................................16
3.6 Kinderpsychiatrie.......................................................................................................................................................................16
3.7 Ouderenpsychiatrie...................................................................................................................................................................16
3.8 Specifieke drughulpverlening....................................................................................................................................................16
3.9 Psychiatrische verzorgingstehuizen..........................................................................................................................................16
3.10 Initiatieven beschut wonen.....................................................................................................................................................16
3.11 Psychosociale revalidatiecentra..............................................................................................................................................16
3.12 Liaisonpsychiatrie....................................................................................................................................................................16
3.13 Psychiatrische thuiszorg..........................................................................................................................................................16
3.14 Psychiatrische gezinsverpleging..............................................................................................................................................16
3.15 Geïnterneerden.......................................................................................................................................................................16
3.16 Onlinehulpverlening................................................................................................................................................................16
3.17 Centra voor algemeen welzijnswerk en centra voor leerlingenbegeleiding...........................................................................16
3.18 Crustatieve zorg: een nog ontbrekende schakel in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg..............................................................16
4 Beschermingsmaatregelen.................................................................................................................................................. 17
4.1 Gedwongen opname.................................................................................................................................................................17
4.2 Internering.................................................................................................................................................................................17
4.2.1 Risicotaxatie.......................................................................................................................................................................17
4.2.2 Nieuwe interneringswet.....................................................................................................................................................17
4.3 Dwangbehandeling in geval van gedwongen opname of internering......................................................................................17
4.4 Beschermingsmaatregelen inzake goederen en persoon.........................................................................................................17
4.4.1 Buitengerechtelijke beschermingsmaatregelen................................................................................................................17
4.4.2 Gerechtelijke beschermingsmaatregelen..........................................................................................................................17
4.5 Vrijheidsbeperkende maatregelen............................................................................................................................................17
4.6 Worden psychiatrische aandoeningen gedekt door een hospitalisatiepolis?...........................................................................17
4.7 Patiënten met een psychiatrische aandoening in het verkeer..................................................................................................17
5 De patiënt met een psychiatrische aandoening versus de samenleving................................................................................17
5.1 Vermaatschappelijking..............................................................................................................................................................17
5.2 Stigma.......................................................................................................................................................................................18
5.3 Buddywerking............................................................................................................................................................................19
5.4 Maatschappelijke kost..............................................................................................................................................................19
5.5 Commercialisering.....................................................................................................................................................................19
5.6 Werken en wonen.....................................................................................................................................................................20
5.6.1 Werken...............................................................................................................................................................................20
5.6.2 Wonen................................................................................................................................................................................20
5.7 Wet inzake de patiëntenrechten...............................................................................................................................................20
5.8 Euthanasie en hulp bij zelfdoding.............................................................................................................................................20
5.9 Antipsychiatrie...........................................................................................................................................................................22
5.10 Omgaan met een psychiatrisch aandoening...........................................................................................................................22
5.11 Kunst en psychiatrie................................................................................................................................................................22
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, 6 Ziektebeelden..................................................................................................................................................................... 23
6.1 Neurobiologische ontwikkelingsstoornissen (A).......................................................................................................................23
6.1.1 Autismespectrumstoornis..................................................................................................................................................23
6.1.2 Aandachtstekort- en hyperactiviteitsstoornis (ADHD)......................................................................................................23
6.2 Schizofreniespectrum- en andere psychotische stoornissen (B)................................................................................................23
6.2.1 enkele begrippen...............................................................................................................................................................23
6.2.2 psychotische symptomen: vier groepen............................................................................................................................24
6.2.3 voorkomen/verloop...........................................................................................................................................................24
6.2.4 symptomen........................................................................................................................................................................24
6.2.5 etiologie..............................................................................................................................................................................24
6.2.6 behandeling........................................................................................................................................................................24
6.2.7 tips voor omgang met deze patiënten...............................................................................................................................25
6.3 Bipolaire stemmingsstoornissen (C)..........................................................................................................................................25
6.3.1 Verloop van verschillende stemmingsstoornissen............................................................................................................25
6.3.2 Manische periode...............................................................................................................................................................25
6.3.3 Life chart methode.............................................................................................................................................................25
6.3.4 etiologie..............................................................................................................................................................................26
6.3.5 behandeling........................................................................................................................................................................26
6.4 Depressieve stemmingsstoornissen (D).....................................................................................................................................26
6.4.1 Twee kernsymptomen.......................................................................................................................................................26
6.4.2 Soorten depressieve stoornissen.......................................................................................................................................26
6.4.3 Subtypes van depressie......................................................................................................................................................27
6.4.4 Prevalentie.........................................................................................................................................................................27
6.4.5 Oorzaken van depressie.....................................................................................................................................................27
6.4.6 Behandeling depressie.......................................................................................................................................................27
6.5 Angststoornissen (E)..................................................................................................................................................................28
6.5.1 Normale angst....................................................................................................................................................................28
6.5.2 Verschillende vormen angststoornissen............................................................................................................................28
6.5.3 Etiologie..............................................................................................................................................................................29
6.5.4 Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................................29
6.6 Dwang en verwante stoornissen (F) = obsessief-compulsieve stoornis....................................................................................29
6.6.1 Twee componenten/ kenmerken......................................................................................................................................29
6.6.2 Subtypes.............................................................................................................................................................................29
6.6.3 Voorkomen en verloop......................................................................................................................................................29
6.6.4 Oorzaken............................................................................................................................................................................29
6.6.5 Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................................29
6.7 Psychotrauma- en stressorgerelateerde stoornissen (G)..........................................................................................................29
6.7.1 Post-traumatische stresstoornis (PTSS/PTSD)...................................................................................................................29
6.7.2 Aanpassingsstoornissen.....................................................................................................................................................30
6.8 Stoornissen met lichamelijke symptomen (H)...........................................................................................................................30
6.8.1 Lichamelijke klacht.............................................................................................................................................................30
6.8.2 Diagnostiek.........................................................................................................................................................................30
6.8.3 Etiologie..............................................................................................................................................................................30
6.8.4 Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................................30
6.9 Eetstoornissen (I).......................................................................................................................................................................31
6.9.1 Voedingsstoornissen..........................................................................................................................................................31
6.9.2 Eetstoornissen....................................................................................................................................................................31
6.9.3 Etiologie..............................................................................................................................................................................31
6.9.4 Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................................32
6.10 Seksuele disfuncties en genderdysforie (J)..............................................................................................................................32
6.10.1 Normale seksuele responscyclus.....................................................................................................................................32
6.10.2 Seksuele dysfuncties........................................................................................................................................................32
6.10.3 Genderdiversiteit en genderdysforie...............................................................................................................................33
6.11 Drangstoornissen: impulsbeheersingsstoornissen en parafilieën (K).....................................................................................34
6.11.1 Impulsbeheersingsstoornissen/ periodieke explosieve stoornis.....................................................................................34
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