Essay Unit 1 - Principles of Applied Human Biology
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Course
Unit 1 - Principles of Applied Human Biology
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Understand the impact of disorders of the musculoskeletal system and their associated corrective treatments
Vocational Scenario or Context
You are employed by a large sports and fitness company as a trainee Health Care Assistant within their Occupational Health Department (OHD).
Your em...
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Functional role of the musculoskeletal system
,The muscular system's primary role is to enable the body to move. The musculoskeletal system
can execute a variety of movements depending on the axis and plane on which they are
executed.
The bones (skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue
that protects and connects tissues and organs together make up the musculoskeletal system.
Supporting the body, enabling motion, and maintaining vital organs are only a few of its key
functions.
Support - The skeleton is responsible for keeping the body erect as well as providing a
foundation for muscle and tissue connection. The skeleton provides our bodies with the proper
form.
Movement - The skeleton is responsible for the movement of the human body and its various
elements. The bones act as levers and are often used as joints, causing muscles to pull on them
and shift the joints. The skeleton supports the body and acts as a foundation for muscle and
tissue attachment.
Protection -Internal organs are protected by the skeleton's bones, reducing the chances of
damage during an impact. The brain is shielded by the cranium, while the heart and lungs are
protected by the ribs, the spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae, and the genital organs are
protected by the pelvis.
Respiration - The involuntary breathing process is activated by the muscular and nervous
systems. The diaphragm and intercostals (shown in blue) are the major muscles involved in
inhalation and exhalation, as well as other muscles. When the muscles relax, the lungs twitch
and shrink, making exhalation a passive movement.
, Minerals - The bones are made up of minerals that serve as a mineral reserve for calcium and
phosphorous, and can be depleted if the body uses the minerals for other purposes.
Production of blood cells - Blood cells are produced by haemopoietic stem cells found in the
bone marrow of flat bones like the pelvic girdle and long bones like the femur.
Structure of the musculoskeletal system
The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones that help to structure, support, and protect the
body's internal organs. The bones of men and women are almost alike. Male skeletons are
typically taller and have more bone density, while female skeletons have a broader pelvis to
accommodate for childbirth. The skeleton is split into two sections. The axial skeleton and the
appendicular skeleton are the two types of skeletons. The skull, rib cage, and vertebral bones
make up the axial skeleton. The lower and upper arms, as well as the pelvic and pectoral
girdles, make up the appendicular skeleton.
Joints: There are 6 main joints. These include Plane, condyloid, ball-and-socket, pivot, saddle
and hinge. Shoulders, knees and toes cover hinge joints. In your side, you can find saddle and
plane joints. The neck vertebrae contain pivot joints.
Here are the joint movements in the skeletal system: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
circumduction, rotation, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.
Plane: They're most often found in the small bones of the wrists and ankles. Bones slide
alongside one another in this kind of joint. This allows for rotation in a variety of ways, resulting
in wrist stability. These are also sometimes called gliding joints too.
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