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Zusammenfassung Notizen zum IB Oxford Biology Kapitel 10. Genetik und Evolution (deutsch)

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Diese Notizen fassen das gesamte Kapitel 10. Genetik und Evolution des englischen "IB Biology Course Book 2014 edition" auf deutsch zusammen. Sie sind ordentlich und sorgfältig in die Unterkapitel eingeteilt. Mit diesem Notizen habe ich in IB Biologie LK/HL die maximale Punktzahl von 7 erreicht.

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Chapter 10
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10. Genetik und Evolution

10.1 Meiose

Replikation von Chromosomen:
 Chromosomen werden während der S-phase, der Interphase, repliziert
 Jedes Chromosom besteht aus zwei Chromatiden
 Meiose beginnt mit einer Tetrade es besteht aus vier Chromatiden und ist bivalent
da es aus homologen Paaren besteht

Austausch von genetischem Material:
 Crossing-over: Austausch von DNA zwischen homologen nicht-Schwester
Chromatiden
 Passiert während Prophase 1 der Meiose
 Chiasmen sind die Plätze wo crossing-over passiert ist




Chiasmatabildung:
 Chiasmatabildung stabilisiert die Bivalenten (Paar von homologen Chromosomen)
 Es führt zu einem Austausch von Allelen




Meiose I:
 Homologe Chromosomen werden separiert
 Schwester-Chromatide bleiben zusammen

Unabhängige Kombination:
 Zu welchem Pol die Schwester-Chromatide sich bewegen kommt auf ihre Richtung
drauf an

Meiose II:
 Schwester-Chromatide werden separiert
 Von Meiose I gelangen die Schwesterchromatide ohne Interphase direkt in Meiose II

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