Antropologische Thema\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Uit De Hedendaagse Filosofie (E01A3A)
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Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
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Filosoferen bij schemerlicht - Dennis vanden Auweele
Een overzichtelijke samenvatting van de cursusteksten van de eerste negen colleges. Het schema is per college en heeft 3 kolommen. De eerste kolom staat (indien van toepassing) de denker, de tweede kolom is het begrip en de derde kolom geeft uitleg bij het begrip. Hierdoor is het mogelijk om de rod...
Antropologische Thema's Uit De Hedendaagse Filosofie (E01A3A)
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Antropologische thema’s van de hedendaagse filosofie – Dennis Vanden Auweele
Loes Steenberghs
Academiejaar 2020 - 2021
,Inhoud
College 1 – Inleiding & Wat is filosofie ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1. Wat is filosofie? ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2. Filosofie en haar anderen: wetenschap, kunst en religie .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Maakt filosofie vooruitgang? ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4. Methodes en deeldomeinen ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
College 2 – Over mechanisering van het wereldbeeld ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
1. Het Organon van Aristoteles ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
2. Over oorzaken: teleologie .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
3. Mechanisering in de moderniteit .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
4. Wat zegt dit over de wereld? Realisme en pragmatische interpretaties van de wetenschap ................................................................................................................ 13
5. Mechanisering in de biologie..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
College 3 – Over het autonome subject ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
1. Terugkoppeling naar vorige les: mechanisering ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2. (On)macht & (wan)hoop ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
3. Autonomie .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
4. Oorsprong van zelfcontrole: biolopolitiek ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
5. Internalisering van het gewenste gedrag ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
6. Thanatopolotiek ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
College 4 – Over de wetenschappelijke methode.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
1. Wat is wetenschap? En waarom er filosofisch over praten? .................................................................................................................................................................... 22
2. Logisch positivisme en het probleem van inductie .................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
3. Falsifeerbaarheid: Karl Popper ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
4. Wetenschappelijke paradigma’s: Thomas Kuhn ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
5. Anti-Realisme in de wetenschap............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
College 5 – Over lichaam en geest .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
1. Het dualisme van geest en lichaam .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
, 2. Reductionisme ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
3. Voorbij het reductionisme? ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
4. Persoonsidentiteit...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
College 6 – Over ziekte en verbetering ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 37
1. Medicalisering ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
2. Wat is een ziekte? ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
3. Toepassing: Is obesitas een ziekte?........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40
4. Enhancement (= verbetering) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40
5. Biomedisch onderzoek ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
College 7 – Over de waarde van het leven ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
1. De waardigheid van de mens en de waarde van zijn leven ..................................................................................................................................................................... 43
2. De vernederingen van de mens ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 46
3. Anti – natalisme (1): beter om niet geboren te worden? .......................................................................................................................................................................... 48
4. Zelfmoord ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
5. Anti-natalisme (2): beter dat anderen niet geboren worden? .................................................................................................................................................................. 50
College 8 – Over de waarde van waarheid ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
1. Post truth (politics).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
2. Terugkoppeling autonomie ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
3. Nobele leugen ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 54
4. Maakbaarheid van nobele leugens ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 56
College 9 – Over seksualiteit en gender ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
1. De vrouw in de lange filosofische geschiedenis ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 58
2. Psychoanalyse en het sekseverschil ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
3. Sekse en gender ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
4. Het Westen, patriarchaal? ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 62
5. Spanning binnen het feminisme: over trans- en intersectionaliteit ....................................................................................................................................................... 64
, ANTROPOLOGISCHE THEMA’S IN DE HEDENDAAGSE FILOSOFIE
COLLEGE 1 – INLEIDING & WAT IS FILOSOFIE
1. WAT IS FILOSOFIE?
• Wanneer men afstand neemt van het onmiddelijke, een stap terugzet van wat men doet, dan wordt men filosoof
WIE BEGRIP BETEKENIS
Filosofie De filosofie is een radicaal – kritische reflectie die het bekende vreemd en het vreemde
bekend maakt.
Radicaal Lat. Radix = wortel, verwijst naar grondig, fundamenteel en diepgravend. Het gaat tot in de
diepte.
➔ In de filosofie: extreme, ongehoorde & immorele standpunten innemen om de
consequenties te doordenken. Dat maakt filosofie radicaal.
Kritisch • Onderscheid maken en inzien dat er belangrijke verschillen zijn tussen bepaalde dingen & de
zaken terug op de juiste plaats plaatst.
• Niet zo maar een stelling aanvaarden omw van het lange gebruik, maar bewust bekijken.
• ! Niet altijd zo: Thomas van Aquino → Bijbel = bron van autoriteit, René Descartes &
Immanuel Kant → natuurwetenschap is zeer betrouwbaar.
Volgens definitie: vele filosofen geen filosoof
Conceptuele ∞ kritisch
analyse Groot begrip in kleinere begrippen opdelen en zo analyseren.
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