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Eukaryotic Cell and Organelle Summary

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A summary on Eukaryotic cell organelles and the cytoskeleton

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  • Chapter 4
  • May 2, 2021
  • 3
  • 2020/2021
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Theme 2:
Ribosomes

 Responsible for protein synthesis
 They are made up of RNA and proteins
 They have a large and a small subunit
 They are free or attached to the ER



Lysosomes

 Small sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes
 Acts as recycling centre (The molecules that are broken down is recycled)
 Breaks down old and unnecessary structures
 They must maintain a certain pH to dispose of the cellular waste
 They contain digestive enzymes
 It can also break down foreign particles in the cell brought in from the outside

Phagocytosis: When a section of the macrophages (type of white blood cell) folds in to engulf a
pathogen.

They are also involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Primary lysosome: buds off from Golgi apparatus

Secondary lysosome: Fusion of primary lysosome with vesicle containing ingested material.



Peroxisomes

 Contain oxidative enzymes involved in the oxidation of fatty acids
 Produces hydrogen peroxide as by-product
 Contains enzyme catalase (catalyses hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen so that its no
longer harmful to your body)



Vacuoles

 Used for storage or digestive purposes in different kinds of cells
 Storage of in plant cells
o Water
o Proteins
o Waste materials
o Pigments
 Consist of a single membrane called a tonoplast

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