Biology 8e Raven Chapter 1 Questions and Answers Graded A+ 2024 Reviewed
MLB111 Units 8-10 Semester test 3 (updated 2024)
Summary Biology, Raven, MLB 111, Semester test 2
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MLB 111
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Theme 2:
Ribosomes
Responsible for protein synthesis
They are made up of RNA and proteins
They have a large and a small subunit
They are free or attached to the ER
Lysosomes
Small sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes
Acts as recycling centre (The molecules that are broken down is recycled)
Breaks down old and unnecessary structures
They must maintain a certain pH to dispose of the cellular waste
They contain digestive enzymes
It can also break down foreign particles in the cell brought in from the outside
Phagocytosis: When a section of the macrophages (type of white blood cell) folds in to engulf a
pathogen.
They are also involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death)
Primary lysosome: buds off from Golgi apparatus
Secondary lysosome: Fusion of primary lysosome with vesicle containing ingested material.
Peroxisomes
Contain oxidative enzymes involved in the oxidation of fatty acids
Produces hydrogen peroxide as by-product
Contains enzyme catalase (catalyses hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen so that its no
longer harmful to your body)
Vacuoles
Used for storage or digestive purposes in different kinds of cells
Storage of in plant cells
o Water
o Proteins
o Waste materials
o Pigments
Consist of a single membrane called a tonoplast
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