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Blok 3.3 - Pain - College 4
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Aantekeningen Lecture 4:Learning goals:
- Define what the placebo and nocebo effects are
- Know the underlying psychological mechanisms expectations and experience and how
they can be tested
- Know the neural correlates of placebo and nocebo effects on pain.
- Understand how the placebo/nocebo are general mechanisms
- Apply the knowledge about placebo to use it in clinical practice
, COGNITIVE MODULATION OF PAIN
PLACEBO & NOCEBO
Placebo = Latin for ‘I shall please’
positive pscyhological and physiological response, following the administration of a sham
treatment or invention.
Nocebo = Latin for ‘Í shall harm’
which leads to worsening of symptoms due to negative expectations.
Placebo effectiveness: color, price, packaging, machines.
Placebo effect triggers dopamine & opioids.
Drugs are failing to show the placebo effect, because it’s growing.
Even when people are told that they are getting placebo’s, it still works.
The power of negative expectations
EG: Antidepressants overdose (29 pills), didn’t know they were placebo’s, and he
experienced real hypotension (low blood pressure), which can be life threatening.
Placebo and nocebo effect: definitions and mechanisms
Central mediator of placebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia = expectation &
experience.
Placebo as a control condition vs. placebo as a treatment outcome.
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