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Summary IB History Paper 2 - The Spanish Civil War - All possible essay questions
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This document includes all possible essay questions for the Spanish Civil War, ready for Paper 2 exam.
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SPANISH CIVIL WAR: ESSAY OUTLINESLong-term causes
Other factors - Short-term causes
(blueprint) - Political polarisation during the Second Republic
The rise of the - Spain was agricultural (46%)
left as a result - Anarchism spread in the 1870s: violent incident in Alcoy in 1837
of the - A clampdown sent the movement underground: largely based in rural
economic areas (difficult to police)
inequalities - Anarchism reduced to individual acts of territorism: brutally suppressed
- Other left-wing orgs. PSOE (1879). UGT (1882).
- 1909: Tragic Week in Barcelona. 1,700 arrests
- 1910: CNT. 1927: FAI
- Conflicts between labourers and latifundia, and workers and factory
owners
The role of - Privileged position in Spain (1851 Concordat)
the Church - Alarmed by the growth of left-wing ideas (hostility towards religion)
- Church was one of the main causes for the growth of polarisation during
the Second Republic. (Anti-clerical reforms, formation of the CEDA,
attacks on Churches)
The Army - Army had privileges: major financial drain of the state
- Military coups not a novelty
- 1923: General Primo de Rivera after a defeat in Morocco
- Military dictatorship until 1930
- Anti-military legislation during 1931-1933
- Anger in those serving in Morocco (defeats). Africanistas and Foreign
Legion, suppression against Moroccon and saw the left as main enemy
- The Army fought in the Asturias Rising
- Rebellion of 1936: support of Catholics, conservatives and landowners
Separatism - 1850s: re-emergence in Catalonia
- 1913: self-government. Lost in 1925 under Rivera
- 1931: Formation of ERC. Lluís Companys
- Statute of Autonomy in 1932
- Political polarization as a result of clashes between pro and anti-indepence
sPANIARDS
, SPANISH CIVIL WAR: ESSAY OUTLINES
Ideological causes
Other causes - Political polarisation
(blueprint) - Social divisions
- Economic inequalities
Separatism - Reemergence during the 1850s: revive Catalan language
- Gained self-government in 1931 - Lost it in 1925 (Primo de Rivera)
- Led to the formation of ERC (1931) led by Lluiís Compayns
- September 1932: statute of autonomy
- 1933-1936 (Bienio Negro): autonomy lost
- More beliefs in social revolution and rise of left-wing ideas: social
polarisation within Spaniards
The role of - Privileged position in Spain: Concordat 1851 (State religion, education,
the Church not suffered attacks)
- Alarmed by the growth of socialism and anarchism (hostile attitude
towards religion)
- Reforms of 1931: Civil marriage, divorce, no state religion (Art. 26) and
secularised education. Frances Lannon: “The republican meant a secular
order”.
- Attacks on Churches began: resignation of Alcalá Zamora
- The presence of socialists in the government was a tantamount to goddless
attacks on the Church
- Needed to take political action: Formation of the CEDA.
- 1933-1936: Two Black Years. CEDA entered the government in 1934.
- All reforms were reversed
- Support to the Church
- Social polarisation. Asturias Rising. Massives attacks to the
Church
- 1936: Popular Front rise to power with an anti-clerical campaign
- Attacks on Churches began to spread at a higher rate. Translated into
attacks to the opposition.
- The left initiated the violence (Paul Johsnon).
- The CEDA was simply christianic-democrat and radicalised as a result of
the left (Richard Robinson)
- Stalnley Payne: radicalisation of the PF as main cause, opposed by Paul
Preston and Helen Graham
The role of - Privileged position in Spain: major financial drain of the state
the Army. - Pronunciamientos (1874). 1923: Primo de Rivera
Ideological - Ideological divisions in the Second Republic
divisions - Left-wing government: cut spending and reduced conscription to
above the one year. Abortive coup.
position it - Right-wing government: pardoned Sanjurgo and those involved in
should occupy the coup. Church and army were aligned.
- Popular Front: after defeats in Morocco, a rebellion was planned
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