IB History - Causes of 20th century wars - Spanish Civil War, Chinese Civil War, Second World War
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Course
IB History
Institution
IB History
This document includes an outline of the causes of the Spanish Civil War, Chinese Civil War and Second World War that will make you ready for your IB History Paper 2 exam.
Intro. The cause was mainly deep-seated political divisions within Spanish society, although the failed Intro. It is the fear of its army, the fear of war in general, and the fear of the costs of rearmament in the Intro. It had two
reforms of the later republic government further polarised the country. The trigger was the assassination midst of a crushing Great Depression that need to be considered when studying international relations - 1927
of José Soleto which catalysed and hastened preparations for a military coup by right-wing elements of post-1933 - 1945-
the army in Morocco. LONG-TERM CAUSES It saw the CCP
LONG-TERM CAUSES Socio-economic The Second Si
Socio-economic Intro: economic insecurity served to constantly remind Germans of their defeat in the WWI and the against the Jap
Intro: Socio-Economics can be assessed as greatly important, due to consequential divisions - for dictated peace that followed, causing to call for revenge. Ultimately, the
example, Separatism in which the richer areas of Catalonia and Basque desired - Reparations by 1921 was set at 132 billion gold marks, and it was to be paid over 42 years. Zedong and the
autonomy/independence and had their own language/culture. Also, it led to a desire for change due to - 1923 France and Belgium occupied the industrialized Ruhr Valley of Germany. These led to a LONG-TERM C
starvation and fear of the elite. hyperinflation (printed paper but cost of living increased) 1924 withdrawal and reorganization Economic and
- Agricultural and uneducated country of Germany's debt with huge loans from the US. Chinese society
- Rural unrest. Peasants VS Latifundios (Southern Spain) - Great Depression: Conditions in Germany were severed by 1933 with official unemployment conditions that w
- Agricultural employment constituted 45.5% of the workforce by 1930. at 6 million (25% of workers). The various German governments between 1930-1933, Rural poverty:
- Cities no better. Urban centres grew as consequence, over a million people migrating to attempting to rule without parliamentary majorities in a very politically divided country failed to - 85%
cities. effectively address the economic situation. one b
- Child labour & low wages (join political groups. No social legislation = no minimum wage, no - The National Socialist German Workers’ Party was revived becauses of the failure of other - Farm
max working hours, no protection from dangerous working conditions. political parties in addressing unemployment. runnin
- Led to growth of trade unions and strikes Army - Most
- IWW improved little - Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men with no artillery, tanks or aircraft, and a small provin
End. Growth in rural unrest presented problems for the central government; solutions to agrarian navy. Demilitarization of the Rhineland. landlo
problems frequently caused serious divisions between left- and right-wing politicians. This polarised Political Urban poverty:
politics and laid the foundations for a future conflict. Urban issues, like agrarian issues, therefore Intro: Political insecurity served to constantly remind Germans of their defeat in the WWI and the - China
contributed to political polarization in Spain. This created deep-seated divisions, fears and suspicions, dictated peace that followed, causing to call for revenge. was d
lay the foundations for a future conflict between opposing groups and ideals. - Great Depression. The various German governments between 1930-1933, attempting to rule - China
Army and Church without parliamentary majorities in a very politically divided country failed to effectively inves
Intro: Can be accredited to a crucial role in the outbreak of SCW due to the fear, anger and divisions address the economic situation. growt
they caused, especially amongst the lower class. Again, the emphasis is that it led to a desire for - The National Socialist German Workers’ Party was revived becauses of the failure of other By th
change. political parties in addressing unemployment. inhab
- Repression, tortures and shootings - Enabling Act (March 1933) and in 1933 onwards a more aggressive foreign policy - Living
- Civil Guard: hated for its methods to put down strikes. Ideological socia
- Church: propaganda against liberalism, communism and democracy. - Nazy Party 's beliefs. (Self-sufficient, Versailles Treaty undone, master races, Communism - Death
- Church supported the Army was a threat). bodie
- Church and Army worked together as an “inquisition” Territorial - The C
- Both against separatism - Versailles: Lost territory to Denmark, Belgium, France and Poland. German territories of and a
Political Dazing, the Saar and Memel were placed under the control of the League. It was forbidden to memb
Intro: Significant, but can be called a catalyst showing clear opposed sides instead of a fundamental merge with Austria. Germany’s colonies were confiscated. - The n
cause - Locarno treaty: Germany agreed that its borders in western Europe were to never change, small
- Political system and the monarchy. but those in the east could be altered through negotiation. artisa
- Benefit only the ruling class - newe
- Universal male suffrage since 1887, but right-wing power SHORT-TERM CAUSES Political fragm
- Caciques for Liberals and Conservatives, it wasn’t democratic. Intro. Germany became more assertive as its economy recovered from the worst effects of the Great Fragmentation a
- The system was unpopular with ordinary people: it failed to deliver reforms to Depression, allowing a more aggressive, and successful, foreign policy. - 1912.
improve their lives. Socio-economic Natio
- Political divisions: Anarchists and Communist (don't get along) refuse to cooperate with Intro. Some historians believed - 1912-
socialists. CNT vs UGT - Economic recovery. demo
- Primo de Rivera. He is a good cause of war, as his failures caused problems to fester, with - Economics minister Hjalmar Schacht. New Plan which prevented most imports into the - 1916
subsequent votes calling a new Republic country. By 1935 Germany exported more than it imported and by 1936 was exporting over region
- Split of the left-wing. (allowed UGT and banned CNT) 500 million more German marks’ worth of goods than it brought in from other countries. So - 1921.
- Failure of the tax system reform more currency is hard currency for further investment. - 1923-
- Withdraw Catalonian rights - This recovery enabled rearmament. to wo
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