IB History Essay - Use of force on the emergence of the Nazi Germany and the Soviet Russia
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Course
IB History
Institution
IB History
This is a sample essay that responds to the question: Compare and contrast the importance of the use of force on the emergence of two authoritarian states.
Mark: 15/15
Compare and contrast the importance of the use of force on the emergence of two authoritarian
states
The Nazi Germany and the Soviet Russia emerged as a result of a web of factors. The use of
force was a method used by both Hitler and Stalin to emerge as authoritarian leaders,
although it was not applied at the same way and at the same extent. In both cases, there
was police brutality, violent episodes and intimidation of opposition, although force was
more present and had a greater impact in Russia.
In comparison, there is police brutality in both cases, although, in contrast, it is more notable
in Russia. In Germany, the SA was created in 1921, and, made up by radicalised soldiers of
WW1, disrupted activities of opposition parties, breaking up their rallies and engaging
violent actions. This created a climate of violence and therefore the impression that the
democratic system was not working. The SA played a key role in the Munich Putsch, which
intimidated opposition and carried out anti-semitist attacks. In the case of Russia, the Cheka
was created in 1917. It was involved in the Red Terror and was made up of 200,000
policemen. It used methods of torture and executions. Even the leader of one of the Cheka
Committee, Iron Felix, pointed out that terror is absolutely necessary during times of
revolution. It is estimated that the Cheka was responsible for over 100,000 assassinations
between 1918 and 1922. Overall, there was police brutality in both cases, although the
extension was larger in Russia.
Secondly, in both cases there are violent episodes that demonstrate the use of force,
although these episodes had more significance in Russia. In Germany, Hitler felt he got all
the support needed to seize power, and carried out the Munich Putsch, in which 2,000
armed nazis marched into the city. However, 16 Nazis were killed and Hitler was imprisoned.
From now on, Hitler opted for legal means instead of force. In the case of Russia, the 1917
Revolution consisted of violent street demonstrations that expelled the Tsar. There were
over 1,500 deaths only in the city of Petrograd and public executions were carried out.
During the Russian Civil War, violence was highly present, as there were over 7 million
deaths, and 1 million during the Red Terror. To conclude, there were violent episodes that
evidenced the use of force, although they have a greater impact in Russia.
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