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GCSE Edexcel History Notes: Early Elizabethan England ()
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A full set of notes on Early Elizabethan England () for Edexcel GCSE History used to get an 8/9/A* grade.
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EarlyElizabethan
England
(1558-1588)
,Elizabethan Timeline: Main events during her reign
Key:
Foreign Threats/ Interactions
Religion
Prosperity/ the poor
Succession/ conspiracies around
the throne
● 1558:
○ Elizabeth became Queen after the death of her Catholic sister and she was a
protestant. She needed to decide what religion the country would follow.
○ Elizabeth was unmarried. As soon as she came to the throne, foreign kings and
princes asked for her hand in marriage, including Philip II of Spain, who had been
married to her half sister, Mary I. Until Elizabeth had children, her heir was Mary
Queen of Scots, who was a Catholic.
○ The first harvest in her reign was excellent but there was unemployment in
clothing trade, which usually employed many people.
● 1559:
○ In her Religious Settlement, she established a Protestant Church of England,
which she hoped to be acceptable to Catholics and Puritans.
● 1561:
○ Elizabeth had a close relationship with Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. When his
wife was found dead, Elizabeth considered marrying him, but she decided against
it.
● 1562:
○ Elizabeth was seriously ill with the smallpox. Parliament asked her to marry and
name her successor and she promised she would, but instead she got better and
forbade further discussion of the topic.
● 1568:
○ John Hawkins’ ships were attacked by the Spanish in the West Indies. Hawkins
was an English Merchant taking Africans to sell in the Spanish New World. In
retaliation, English ships seized a Spanish bullion (bars of gold and silver ship to
Spanish Netherlands) in the English Channel.
○ Mary Queen of Scots fled from Scotland to the north of England and Elizabeth had
to decide how to treat her cousin and heir. She imprisoned her.
● 1569:
○ Catholic nobles in the North rebelled to make Mary queen. The rebellion failed and
Mary was imprisoned.
● 1570:
○ The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth, expelling her from the Catholic Church for
establishing herself as Supreme Governor of Protestant Church of England in
1559.
, ○ Severe poverty led to a survey of the poor being carried out in Norwich by
authorities so they could reorganise the way the poor helped the city. This is one
of the few surviving documents providing details of the poor in 16th century.
● 1571:
○ The Ridolfi Plot: an Italian banker plotted with Spain and the Pope to replace
Elizabeth with Mary and restore Catholicism. The plot failed. Parliament and the
Council demanded the execution of Mary, but Elizabeth refused, but she did
execute the Duke of Norfolk, who was implicated in the plot.
● 1572:
○ Elizabeth sent secret aid to the Protestants in the Netherlands who were rebelling
against the Spanish rule.
○ The Vagabonds Act ordered local Justices of Peace to keep a register of the poor
and raise the poor rate (local tax on the wealthy to benefit poor) to provide shelter
for the elderly and sick.
● 1573:
○ A disastrous harvest followed by bad ones for the next four years.
● 1576:
○ The Act for the Relief of the Poor aimed to provide shelter and work for those
genuinely in need (with aim to keep them in their place in society, not to raise them
higher into the wealthier classes)
● 1577:
○ Explorer and sailor Francis Drake successfully attacked Spanish settlements in
Central America. He returned three years later after completing a voyage around
the world.
○ The opening of the first theatre in London: The Curtain.
● 1580:
○ Jesuit missionary priests, trained in Europe, began landing in England to spread
the Catholic religion.
● 1583:
○ The Throckmorton Plot. It failed. It planned for French Catholic forces, backed by
Spanish and Papal money, to invade England in order to free Mary and start a
Catholic Uprising.
● 1585:
○ Parliament passed tougher laws against Catholic priests. Puritan MPs seized the
opportunity to campaign for changes in the Church.
○ Walter Raleigh, soldier, sailor and courtier, set up a colony of settlers in Northern
America, called Virginia.
○ Elizabeth sent an army to support the Netherlands against Spain, and intensified
other attacks on the Spanish Empire.
● 1586:
○ The Babington Plot: Mary approved of the assassination of Elizabeth. The plot
failed and Parliament and the Council demanded the execution of Mary.
● 1587:
○ Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots.
○ Francis Drake attacked the port of Cadiz and destroyed 24 Spanish ships prepared
to invade England.
○ The opening of the new Rose Theatre, Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus
became a huge hit.
, ● 1588:
○ Philip II launched the Armada to invade England. It was defeated, but until then no
one knew if the Catholics in England would support the Spanish invasion.
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