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Lecture notes study book Biology of Plants and Animals of Frank Schaffer Publications - ISBN: 9780822409113 (EXAM NOTES)
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BLG1502 PAST PAPERS Long Questions 2017- 2012 CREATED BY RICHELLE LAMBERTG- Glossary TB- Textbook SG- Study guide * indicates amount of times asked before
2016 NOV
What is photosynthesis? G26 TB260 + SG61
• The conversion of light energy to chemical energy
• that is stored in sugars (glucose)
• or other organic compounds
• it occurs in plants , algae
• and certain prokaryotes
• It nourishes almost the entire living world directly/ indirectly
• It is not a single process but two processes
• Called light reactions (photo) and Calvin cycle (synthesis)
• It is the means by which energy in sunlight
• becomes usable to living things
Are plants more important to people or are people more important to plants. SG p 61
• We could argue that plants are more important to people
• because we subsist on plants
• We consume them
• and are higher up in the food chain
• Many plants have been domesticated by people
• and require people to be able to actually disseminate their seeds
• For example corn
• In the case of domesticated plants
• people are just as important
• to their survival as we are to theirs
**Distinguish between pollination and fertilisation G14&27 + TB 697& 1058 + SG73
• Pollination –is the process whereby pollen grains
• move from the anther
• to the stigma on a flower’s style
• it precedes fertilisation
• and depends on such media
• as wind, water and insects
• takes place externally
• Fertilisation –is the fusion of the male gametes
• and female egg cells
• to form a new plant seed`
• occurs in the inside of the flower
• and does not depend on external vectors.
*****Name the five characteristics that define land plants SG22-23
• Common to all 4 groups but absent in charophyceans
• Apical meristem
• Alternation of generations
• Multicellular dependent embryos
• Spores produced in sporangia
• Multicellular gametangia
****Describe the binomial system of classification TB524
• Part 1 is the name of the genus (plural, genera)
• to which the species belongs
• Part 2 is called the specific epithet
• and is unique for each species within the genus
• Example of a binomial is Panthera pardus (large cat)
• The first letter of the genus is capitalized
• and the entire binomial is italicized
• newly created scientific names are also Latinized
, BLG1502 PAST PAPERS Long Questions 2017- 2012 CREATED BY RICHELLE LAMBERT
G- Glossary TB- Textbook SG- Study guide * indicates amount of times asked before
Are the following scientific names correct? Give reasons SG3
• *Acacia aerioloba - Yes because the scientific name is written correctly
• and the first letter of the genus is written in a capital letter
• both genus and specific are underlined
• *Panthera pardus – No
• The name is spelled correctly
• The first letter is written with a capital letter
• Both genus and specific epithet should be underlined or italicised
• *Ophisaurus ventralis – Yes all rules have been followed
• Homo sapie – No
• The scientific name must be spelt correctly It must be Homo sapiens
Name the hormones of
******Anterior pituitary gland – TB964
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Prolactin
• stimulates mammary gland cells
• Luteinizing hormone (LH) • Growth hormone (GH)
• Stimulate ovaries & testes • stimulates growth & metabolic functions
• Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Stimulates thyroid gland
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• stimulates adrenal cortex
*****Gonads
Ovaries (female) - Testes (male)
• Estrogens – stimulate uterine lining growth • Androgens – support sperm formation
• Progestins – promote uterine lining growth
*******Adrenal glands – TB964
• Adrenal medulla – Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
• Raise blood glucose level & increase metabolic activities
• Adrenal cortex – Glucocorticoids raise blood levels
• Mineralocorticoids promote retention of Na+
*****Pineal gland TB964
• Melatonin – participates in regulation of biological rhythms
***Describe how the carbon dioxide is picked at the tissues and deposited in the lungs TB1026/1028
• Co2 produced by the body tissue
• Co2 is carried in blood
• that is produce through cellular respiration
• converted 2 bicarbonate ions
• and protein in reaction catalysed by enzyme carbonic anydrase
• it is transported to the lungs
• in the lungs bicarbonate is reconverted to Co2 & xhaled
***Discuss the process of homeostasis SG97 & TB941
• Homeostasis means “steady state,”
• referring to the maintenance of internal balance.
• In achieving homeostasis, animals maintain a relatively constant internal
• environment even when the external environment changes significantly.
• For example, the human body maintains a fairly constant temperature
• of about 37 (98.6)
• and a pH of the blood and interstitial fluid within 0.1 pH unit of 7.4.
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