Bone Tissue
Narrow passageways through
the lamellae called canaliculi
connect lacuna where
Useful Termes:
osteocytes lie
Chondro (cartilage) Osteocytes are in contact
Chondrocyte with neighboring osteocytes
Endochondral through cytoplasmic
Perichondral extensions and gap junctions
Osteo (bone) Nutrients and waste can be
Osteogenesis exchanged with osteocytes
Osteocytes either by gap junctions or via
Periosteum interstitial fluid
Blast (precursor cell / Function: support; protection;
the one that produces movement
something)
Spongy Bone
Osteoblasts
Cyte (cell) Spongy (or cancellous) bone
osteocyte is found where bones are not
heavily stressed or if stress
come from many directions
No osteons – lamellae
BONE STRUCTURE arranged in irregular lattice of
Compact Bone columns
Trabeculae: interconnecting
Denser material rods or plates of bone
Used to create much of the Makes bone strong
hard structure of skeleton but light
Osteon (circular units of Spaces filled with
bone material and blood marrow – red marrow
vessels) is the basic responsible for red
functional unit of compact blood cell formation
bone (may also contain
Osteocytes are arranged in yellow marrow – store
concentric layers around a of adipose tissue as
central (Harvison) canal energy reserve)
Harvision canal run parallel Covered with
to bone surface and contain endosteum
blood vessels
Perforating canals run
perpendicular to the surface
and contain blood vessels
Lamellae of each osteon
form a series of concentric
cylinders around the central
canal
, Oriented along stress Mechanical Stress and Bone
lines Strength
Bone Matrix Stress causes bone
remodeling to:
Mixture of organic and
Increase bone mass
inorganic components
(density)
Organic component
Align trabeculae with
35% extracellular
stress
protein fibres
Changes causes by:
(collagen) and
Osteoblasts activity
proteoglycans
(increases with stress)
Contributes to bone
flexibility – high BONE CELLS
tensile strength
Osteoprogenitor
(resistance to be
(osteogenic) cells are stem
pulled apart)
cells which maintain the
Inorganic component
population of osteoblasts
65% mineral crystal:
Osteoblasts produce bone
calcium hydroxide to
matrix (a process called
make hydroxyapatite
ossification)
crystals
Osteocytes are mature bone
Hard and brittle –
cells – exchange nutrients
high compressive
with blood
(weight bearing)
Osteoclasts release acid
strength
and enzymes to digest
Water
mineral component of bone
Collagen matrix – resorption
Most abundant protein in the Osteoblasts
human body
Formation of bone through
Found in bones, muscle, skin
ossification or osteogenesis
and tendons
Collagen is produced by ER
Substance that holds the
and Golgi and is release by
body together
exocytosis
Blood and Nerve Supply Precursors of hydroxyapatite
stored in vesicles, then
Bone is richly supplied with
released by exocytosis
blood
Ossification
Osseus tissue is a type of
Connective Tissue
Nerves accompany the blood formation of bone by
vessels that supply bone osteoblasts
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