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Samenvatting alle theorie- en praktijk Onderzoeksmethodologie 3

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Uitgebreide samenvatting van alle theorie- en praktijklessen van het vak Onderzoeksmethodologie 3. Ook alle aangeboden oefeningen zijn stap per stap uitgeschreven met afbeeldingen van SPSS erbij.

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  • May 6, 2021
  • 259
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

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By: saratenbroek • 2 year ago

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Universiteit Antwerpen

Academiejaar 2019 - 2020



Faculteit Geneeskunde en Gezondheidswetenschappen

Bachelor Revalidatiewetenschappen en Kinesitherapie




Onderzoeksmethodologie 3 -
Theorie & Handleiding SPSS




1

,INHOUDSOPGAVE

1. Algemene inleiding .................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Wat is statistiek?.................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Statistische variabelen ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Beschrijvende statistiek ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Onderzoek plannen ............................................................................................................................. 11
1.5 Praktijkoefeningen RR en OR ............................................................................................................... 25
1.6 Statistisch toetsen ............................................................................................................................... 29
2. Sample size............................................................................................................................................... 37
2.1 Formules voor continue uitkomstvariabelen ...................................................................................... 37
2.2 Formule voor dichotome uitkomstvariabele ....................................................................................... 38
2.3 Opmerkingen ....................................................................................................................................... 39
2.4 Voorbeelden ........................................................................................................................................ 40
2.5 Oefeningen .......................................................................................................................................... 48
3. Parametrisch vs. niet-parametrisch testen .............................................................................................. 59
3.1 Statistisch toetsen in de praktijk ......................................................................................................... 59
3.2 Voorbeelden ........................................................................................................................................ 61
3.3 Praktijk SPSS ........................................................................................................................................ 66
4. Kruistabellen en x2-test ........................................................................................................................... 68
4.1 Kruistabellen ........................................................................................................................................ 68
4.2 X2-test ................................................................................................................................................. 70
4.3 McNemar-test ..................................................................................................................................... 73
5. Betrouwbaarheid ..................................................................................................................................... 74
5.0 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 74
5.1 Kappa analyse.......................................................................................................................................... 75
5.2 Gewogen Kappa ...................................................................................................................................... 78
5.3 ICC en Bland-Altman plot ........................................................................................................................ 80
5.4 Oefeningen .............................................................................................................................................. 85
6. Anova’s en NP tegenhangers ................................................................................................................... 94
6.1 One-Way Anova ................................................................................................................................... 95
6.2 Kruskal Wallis toetst ............................................................................................................................ 98
6.3 Two-Way Anova................................................................................................................................. 100
6.4 Two-Way Anova-Ancova.................................................................................................................... 102
6.5 Two-Way Anova-Manova .................................................................................................................. 103
6.6 Repeated Measures Anova ................................................................................................................ 104
6.7 Friedman test..................................................................................................................................... 106


2

, 6.8 Praktijkvoorbeelden .......................................................................................................................... 108
6.9 Oefeningen ........................................................................................................................................ 140
7. Correlatie en regressie ........................................................................................................................... 174
7.0 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................. 174
7.1 Correlatie ........................................................................................................................................... 174
7.2 Lineaire regressie ............................................................................................................................... 181
7.3 Meervoudige lineaire regressie ......................................................................................................... 193
7.4 Ordinale regressie ................................................................................................................................. 203
7.5 Logistische regressie ............................................................................................................................. 204
7.6 Oefeningen ........................................................................................................................................ 217
8. Meta-analyse ......................................................................................................................................... 239
8.1 Wat is een meta-analyse? ................................................................................................................. 239
8.2 Forest plot ......................................................................................................................................... 240
8.3 Funnel plot ......................................................................................................................................... 241
8.4 Heterogeniteit ................................................................................................................................... 241
8.5 Voorbeelden ...................................................................................................................................... 242
8.6 Meta-analyse uitvoeren met RevMan Web ...................................................................................... 250
8.7 Oefeningen ........................................................................................................................................ 253




3

, 1. ALGEMENE INLEIDING


1.1 WAT IS STATISTIEK?
Statistiek is een wetenschap die tot doel heeft het verzamelen, verwerken en interpreteren van gegevens.

Soort statistiek Beschrijving
Verzamelende statistiek Informatie verzamelen door tellingen, enquêtes of
steekproeven.
Beschrijvende statistiek Eerste analyse van de waarnemingsgegevens d.m.v.
tabellen, grafieken en een frequentieverdeling. Statis-
tische parameters zoals gemiddelden en standaardde-
viatie kunnen worden berekenend.
Verklarende of inductieve statistiek Conclusies trekken over de hele populatie op basis van
aselecte steekproef door statistisch te gaan toetsen.



1.2 STATISTISCHE VARIABELEN

1.2.1 KWALITATIEVE EN KWANTITATIEVE VARIABELEN



Kwalitatieve gegevens Kwantitatieve gegevens
Kunnen niet op een natuurlijk voorkomende schaal Meetwaarden die worden geregistreerd op een van
worden gemeten. Ze kunnen alleen worden geclassifi- nature voorkomende numerieke schaal
ceerd in één categorie uit een groep van categorieën
Nominaal of ordinaal Interval of ratio



1.2.2 DISCRETE EN CONTINUE VARIABELE



Discreet of discontinu Continu
Een variabele die concreet én exact is Een meting die eender welk natuurlijk getal kan zijn
bv. geslacht, aantal kinderen




4

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