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These are notes for Class 11 to IIT-Jee basic Physics. Covers all the key points from chapter 1 and present them is a clear and understandable manner.
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Physical World [1]28 April 2021 06:29
Science
• The word SCIENCE originates from the Latin verb ' Scientia '
meaning to know. The Sanskrit word ' Vijnan ' and the Arabic
word ' Ilm ' convey similar meanings namely knowledge.
• Science- It is the systematic attempt to understand natural
phenomena in as much detail and depth as possible, and use
the knowledge so gained to predict, modify and control
phenomenon.
• Scientific Theory- It is a setup that helps to explain an Natural
Phenomena or the behavior of a natural system on the basis
of established laws of nature.
• Scientific Method- It involves several interconnected steps:
Systematic Observations
Controlled experiments
Qualitative and Quantitively reasoning
Mathematical Modeling
Prediction, verification and falsification
of theories
Speculation and Conjecture [ Not
Relevant]
• Evolution of Theories- Theories keep evolving because of the
new ' Everyday Discoveries '.
For Example:- The planetary motion can be better
explained epitical paths to fit the data better or the need of
better model than Newtonian Physics to explain atomic
Phenomena.
Physics
• Physics- It can be described as a study of basic manifestation
in different Natural Phenomena.
• The word ' Physics ' has come from a Greek word ' Fusis '
meaning Nature.
Physics Page 1
, The Two Thrusts of Physics:-
○ Unification: It means to explain diverse physical
phenomena in terms of FEW CONCEPTS AND LAWS.
For an Instance:
• Freefall of an Apple.
• Motion of Planets around Sun.
• Motion of Satellites around Planets.
All of these Phenomena can
be Explained by Newton's
LAW OF GRAVITATION
○ Reductionism: A related effort to derive the properties of a
bigger more complex, system from the properties and
interaction of its CONSTITUENT SIMPLER PARTS.
Easy Version: To study hard and big topics by dividing them
into simpler parts.
For Example: The laws of Thermodynamics
Entropy: The measure of
deals with bulk systems in a system's thermal
terms of heavy quantities such energy per unit
as temperature, internal energy, temperature that is
entropy, etc. unavailable for doing
useful work.
NOTE: • Physics tells us WHY and HOW things
behave and helps to predict the future, E.g.
Capillary Action.
• Laws and principals of Physics are
Dynamic [Everchanging].
Important Terms:
• Subjective Method: Method of measurement which depend
upon human senses of touch, hearing, sight, etc. Its
information is inaccurate and are also misleading.
• Objective Method: The use of scientific apparatus for taking
observations. It is precise and accurate.
• Exact Science: Whose laws are precise and accurate.
Physics Page 2
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