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Class Notes for Biodiversity AS Level Biology A OCR
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Biodiversity Biodiversity
Sampling
Sampling Techniques
Calculating biodiversity
Calculating genetic biodiversity
Factors affecting biodiversity
Reasons for maintain biodiversity
Methods to maintain biodiversity
Biodiversity
, Biodiversity – the variety of living things in an area.
Why is biodiversity important?
At least 40% of the world’s economy and 80% of the needs of the poor are derived from
biological resources. In addition, the richer the diversity of life, the greater the opportunity
for medical discoveries, economic development, and adaptive responses to such challenges
as climate change.
Measuring Biodiversity
Measuring biodiversity plays an important role in conservation. It informs scientists of the
species that are present, thus providing a baseline for the level of biodiversity in an area.
From this information, the effect of any changes to an environment can be measured. These
may include the effect of human activity, disease of climate change.
Before a new project is undertaken, such as building a new road or the creation of a new
nature reserve, and Environmental Impact Assessment is taken. This assessment attempts to
predict the positive and negative effects of a project on biodiversity in the area.
Biodiversity can be studied at three different levels:
- Habitat biodiversity
- Species biodiversity
- Genetic diversity
Habitat biodiversity – the number of different habitats found within an area.
Species biodiversity has two different components:
Species richness – the number of different species living in an area.
Species evenness – a comparison of the number of individuals of each species living in a
community.
Genetic biodiversity – the variety of genes that make up a species.
Factors Affecting Biodiversity
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