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Summary Sam Leith - rhetoric
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Summary of 3 pages for the course Taalverwerving Engels at UvA
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Sam Leith3 sorts of rhetoric are named:
1. epideictic rhetoric (present) = praise/insult
2. judical or forensic rhetoric (past)
3. deliberative rhetoric (future) = persuade
5 parts of rhetoric:
1. invention
2. arrangement
3. style
4. memory
5. delivery
Then and now:
- same is that it is seen as a collection of low tricks to bamboozle the
audience (blz 25) = anti-rhetoric = Plato (democracy is not trustful
because the mob could easily be swayed)
3 persuasive appeals:
1. ethos
gaining authority by convincing to be a qualified speaker; gaining trust “I
am a student as well”
2. pathos
trying to achieve sympathy from the audience; appeal to the
feelings/emotions of your audience
3. logos
arguments based on evidence (facts) and logic; trying to convince the
cynical listeners; trying to make sense; manipulating by letting out
information
Aristotle:
rhetoric = tekhne (a practical skill)
Invention = doing your homework, thinking in advance
Satan’s interaction with Eve can be seen as the archetype of the birth of rhetoric.
Successful persuasion depends on an audience being able to identify with the
speaker – and we are much more like the devil than the Almighty.
Ad Herennium (Cicero) sets out the part of a speech as follows:
Exordium: to establish your authority and grab the audience’s attention.
You might be using an ethos appeal.
Narration: to set out the area of arguments and facts (background and
preparing by framing your own arguments in your favour)
Division: to set out what you and your opponent(s) agree or disagree
about.
Proof: to set out your arguments supporting your case, using a logos
appeal.
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