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Lectures notes Text Analysis I
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Tekstanalyse hoorcollege week 1What is text analysis?
Not sentence analysis:
- Sentence type
- Speech act
- Sentence constituents
- Phrases, word classes
Text: sequence of sentences or utterances
Discourse perspective on text: A sequence of sentences or utterances serving a
communicative purpose.
Instruments that help us to:
- Describe what happens
- Understand what happens
- Evaluate text quality
- Optimize, if necessary
Perspective 1: Discourse classification based on communicative purposes
Conative-> to let someone do/buy/think something
- Persuasive
- Instructive
- Opiniating
- Activating
Perspective 2: genre
Description of moves: components of content, in specific order
1. Get attention
2. Introduce the cause; establish credentials
3. Solicit response
4. Offer incentives
5. Reference insert
6. Express gratitude
7. Conclude with pleasantries
Perspective 3: argumentation
Standpoint with arguments
Perspective 4: argumentation and rhetorical strategies
Antithesis -> contrast
Enumeration -> sum up
Intensification
Perspective 5: meaning relations between clauses
Perspective 6: refer to things & persons in the text
, Discourse classifications type 2: based on text forms
Basic forms Subjective Objective
1. Descriptive Impressionistic description Technical description
2. Narrative Report News story
3. Expository Essay Definition, summary,
explication, text
interpretation
4. Argumentative Comment Scientific argumentation
5. Instructive Instructions Directions, rules, regulations
and statutes
Narrative text types:
- Past tense verb
- Reference to persons (‘story characters’)
- Main character (‘protagonist’)
- Protagonist’s subjective viewpoint (they look superb)
- Indications of time and place (this year, last year)
- Chronological ordering of events
- Causal relations
Narrative is a powerful communication strategy! People like to read stories!
- Enhance persuasiveness
- Enhances text understanding
- Enhance motivation to read
Cognitive effects of narratives:
- Simulation (impression of having lived the experience yourself)
- Identification with story characters (empathizing with them)
BUT! Could be very childish, try to avoid that feeling.
Narrative discourse:
Renkema & Schubert, chapter 11:
- Philological perspective (discourse studies)
- Sociological/interactional
- Psycholinguistic (cognitive processing)
- Organizational (ethnography of organizations)
Discourse perspective on narratives Labov’s story structure (1972; 2013)
1. Abstract: What is the story about?
2. Orientation: Who, when, what, where?
3. Complicating action (story proper): Then what happened?
4. Evaluation: So, what?
5. Resolution: What finally happened?
6. Coda: are there links to the present?
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