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history summary chapter 3 'in the trenches', vwo 3
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history summary chapter 3 'in the trenches', vwo 3 time for history, 2021
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History chapter 33.1 France and Germany, archenemies 1871-1919
After Germany defeated France in 1871, the Germans used the French palace in Versailles (the Hall of
Mirrors) to proclaim William I as emperor of germany. The germans also took Alsace LOrrane, a very
rich indsustrial important area of France.
In 1919, at the end of the WWI, the French also chose the Hall of Mirrors to sign the peace treaty
stating that France had defeated Germany in the war.
But the WWI did not just include Germany and French but it was: Austria-Hungary, Germany,
Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire vs GB, France, Russia, Italy Romania, Japan and the US.
The first world war was a Trench war.
3.2 Filling the powder keg, 1871-1914
Thanks tot he Franco-German war in 1870 Germany became the most powerfull country in Europe.
German nationalsim got a boost thanks tot heir victory on France. The government was determined
to strengthen the countries position in the world and they wanted everyone to know how strong
they were.
Of course france was not happy with this, revenchism becaem an important part of French’s
Nationalism. Also, Modern imperialism started to play a role and countries started to gather colonies.
Germany on the other hand was late with gathering colonies.
Great Britian was watching from the sideline and Great Britian’s only concerne was what happened
on the sea. “Britannia rule the waves”. So when Germany build a big fleed to protect the few colonies
they had, the Britians didn’t like that. So Great Britain started an alliance with France to protect itself.
In the 19th century powershifts in the south-east of Europe took place. Many countries became
independant and also multinational states formed. So different cultures, languages and religions lived
together.
Countries started to have big armies and militarism started to pay a role. A men was not a real men if
he hadn’t been in the army. Each countrie´s army had a strong position in the parliament. Countries
wanted to outdo each other in powerfull weapons.
Germany also expanded and modernized its navy and compete with Great Britain. The Britain´s built
a fast battleship with big cannons to fight Germany.
The countries also battled in the industry. A stronger industry meant a whealtier country. This
economic rivalty brought communim and the arm races faded away.
Great Britain and France started their own colonial kingdom. They already have important colonies
from Asia and America. They also want colonies from Africa. They can use these colonies to produce
products which can only be produced there and it is also very important for their reputation.
Germany also joined this race and the new emperor of Germany (Wilhelm II) has great plans for
Germany involving Nationalism, Militarism and modern-imperialism.
To make sure no conflicts or wars would arise in the race for African countries, the Berlin conference
was held (1884). In this conference the colonies of Africa got divided. The African people themselves
had nothing to say anymore.
Germany wanted to become bigger in colonies real quick and desided to become allies with Austria-
Hungary. England saw this as a treath and became allies with France. And also Russia joined France
and England.
3.3 the smokey, smokey trenches
When, in 1914, Franz-Ferdinand goes to visite Bosnia he is assassinated by a 17-year old. Austria-
Hungary blamed Serbia fort he assassination and wanted them to appoligize. Soon, the Danube
Moncarchy declared war on Serbia. Serbia soon called in their ally Russia. Austria-Hungary’s ally
Germany became made because of that and demanded war on Russia. Germany at the same time
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