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samenvatting spieren histologie
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Samenvatting o.b.v. het hoofdstuk spieren in het boek functionele histologie en de cursus.
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Histologie : spierweefsel deel 1Inleiding
Onwillekeurige spieren = spieren die we zelf niet kunnen reguleren
Bv. hartspier, in de wand van holle organen
Skeletspierweefsel, hartspierweefsel
Spieren kweken: hoeveelheid volume aan myofibrillen doen toenemen, inname van anabole steroïde
Gen doping = een mutatie van myostatine gen veroorzaakt een dramatische toename van
spiermassa omdat de celdeling verhoogt en de spiercellen groter worden
-> voorbeeld runderras Belgisch witblauw
-> bij muizen met mutatie in myostatine
Soorten spierweefsel
1. Skeletspierweefsel
-> willekeurig dwarsgestreepte spieren
Spier -> spierbundel -> spiervezel -> spiercel (myocyt)
-> rond spier: epimysium
-> rond spierbundel: perimysium
-> rond spiervezel: endomysium
2. Glad spierweefsel
3. Hartspierweefsel
Specifieke terminologie:
Sarcoplasma Cytoplasma
Sarcolemma Plasmamembraan, celmembraan
Sarcoplasmatisch reticulum Endoplasmatisch reticulum
Sarcosoom Mitochondriën
Opbouw skeletspieren
• Lengte: 1mm – 30/50cm
• Doormeter 10-100 micrometer
• Speervezel is meerkernig en bevat wandstandige kernen
• Niet vertakt
• Snelle, krachtige contractie
• Willekeurige spier
• Myofibrillen die bestaan uit myofilamenten: myosine moleculen en actine moleculen
• Training: hypertrofie:
o celvolume neemt toe
o geen weefselgroei door hyperplasie (vergroting van bep. Orgaan of weefsel als
gevolg van abnormaal hoge celdeling) wat wel kan bij gladde spier
• Langdurige immobilisatie: atrofie
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