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samenvatting genetica
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uitgebreide en verzorgde samenvatting handboek, dia's en notities gebruikt
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Genetica1.Inleiding – terminologie
Genetische info wordt doorgegeven van ouders op kinderen
Info zit opgeslagen in DNA, zit in celkern
o DNA: deoxyribo – nucleic – acid
Functionele eenheid: genen
Genen zijn chromosomen
Genoom: geheel van genetische info
2.Chromosomen
Elke lichaamscel bestaat uit 46 chromosomen
o Rode bloedcel: geen kern
o Gameten 23 chromosomen
Cel in delingsrust: DNA onder vorm van chromatine, ontrolde DNA draden
Voorbereiding op celdeling:
o DNA organiseert zich, chromosomen worden zichtbaar als delingschromosoom
o X-vorm: 2 chromatiden aan elkaar gebonden centromeer
Gewone lichaamscel: 46
o Dubbele reeks van 23: diploïd
Gameten: geslachtscellen 23 chromosomen
o Enkele reeks is haploïd
o Mannelijke: spermatocyt of zaadcel
o Vrouwelijke: oöcyt of eicel
Elk chromosoom: deel van paar
o 1 vader en 1 moeder: homologe chromosomen gelijk van vorm en grootte
46 chromosomen van de mens 23 paren
Genummerd volgen grootte: karyotype
o 1-22 lichaamschromosomen: autosomen
o Paar 23 geslachtschromosomen
X groot, Y klein bepaalt mannelijk geslacht
44 autosomen + XX vrouw
44 + XY man
3.Genen
Gen is functioneel DNA;, gelegen op chromosoom
Bevat info op gen product te maken eiwit
Mens heeft +/- 24.500 genen
Van elk gen zijn er 2 exemplaren (homologe chromosomen)
Uitzondering X en Y vele genen van X komen bij man 1x voor hemizygoot
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