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Summary Lectures Marine Resources Management (AFI32806)
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Marine Resources ManagementNo need to remember formulas, they will be given. But important to know how they are build up and
understand.
Introduction
Different ways to look at fisheries as a
system
Also: nature – catch – effort – fishing
community – researcher
Natural (eco)system, human system,
management system
Framework of analysis of resource use
problems
Lecture 1
66 large marine ecosystems in the world
,Ecosystems are being
exploited by fisheries. There is
a catch due to these fisheries.
The highest catches are within
the coastal regions. E.g. in
North-Sea.
Exclusive economic zones (EEZ)
Boundaries:
- Ecological boundaries (physical, ecosystem)
o Coral reef & lobsters vs. pacific ocean & tuna
- Exploitation boundaries (fishing grounds)
o Small-scale hand-line fishery vs. large scale purse seine fishery both targeting
Yellowfin tuna
- Administrative/institutional boundaries
o Local community-based management fishery vs. supranational fisheries management
organisation
▪ E.g. WCPFC managing tuna stocks, EU quota management North Sea
fisheries
Mismatches often occur between these boundaries
- Economic, socio-cultural, ecological, administrative
- Solution
o Nesting of local to international management
o To address allocation issues – e.g. EU Fisheries management
o Allocation – who is allowed to catch what, when , where and how much
Example: tuna swimming from one administrative boundary to another. It becomes the ‘property’ of
another country.
Small scale fishery in Maluku (Indonesia): on tuna. Dolphins appear near tuna. Fisherman look for
tuna and then fish with rod.
,Other small scale fishery: fishing rods on industrial level. Twenty people with fishing rods on boat.
Life bait thrown into the water.
Largest tuna fishing vessel: enormous net. Purse seine.
Length of 2km and 200 meters deep.
Purse seine:
Conflict of interest: Indonesia and Philippines
mainly catch smaller fish. Purse seine catch
larger fish ‘waste to catch smaller fish’
Tuna is covering whole Atlantic ocean.
Problems:
, Marine captures:
- 1950-1970: 3 fold increase
- 1970-1990: 1.5 fold increase
- 1990-present: constant
Mainly caught in coastal areas and upwelling regions
Increase of overexploited stocks ~30%
% of MSY stocks stable ~60%
Decrease of underexploited stocks ~10%
Where are the problems?
- Real problems in Atlantic, Mediterranean (Europe, North America) and Southwest Pacific
(Americas)
Major challenges:
- Information
o Over/underreporting, discards
o Ecosystem approach: community vs. population
o Maybe we don’t know how much fish is being caught
- Structural changes: fishing down, truncation size structure
- Trade offs
o Biodiversity vs production
o Large scale vs small scale
o Wealth vs welfare
- Rebuilding stocks, management systems
o Market driven approaches -role consumers
- Spatial management, interactions human use
o Not only humans use the oceans
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