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samenvatting lessen Enzymologie

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Voltallige samenvatting met schema's en afbeeldingen vanuit de lessen enzymologie

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  • May 21, 2021
  • 7
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary
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Enzymologie
Hst 1; Inleiding
o Enzymologie = studie v/d werking v. enzym
o Enzymen (3)
˃ Biologische katalysatoren
▪ w gemaakt dr lichaam -> krijgt essentiële AZ dr voeding
▪ w ≠ keren gebruikt
˃ Zorgen dat stoffen ku w omgezet
▪ Bv. Giftige stoffen omzetten via enzymatische oxidatie, reductie… tot neutrale stoffen
˃ Versnellen biochemische reacties
▪ Reactie verloopt sneller -> actieve energie ↓
o Enzymen = gevoelig // efficiënt // specifiek
o Voorbeeld
˃ Α-amylase (endo -> valt overal aan)
˃ β-amylase (exo -> valt langs achter aan)
o verloop/proces
E + S -> ES
1. Enzym & Substraat zijn aanwezig ↑ ↓
2. Substraat bindt op enzym via actief centrum E + P <- EP
▪ Ontstaan ES-complex (Enzym-Substraat-)
3. Er wordt druk tss de binding van de 2 prd’en uitgeoefend -> binding zal breken
4. De producten & het enym w vrijgesteld
▪ E = vrij vr nieuwe binding m. S
˃ vaak = co-factor nodig
▪ Uit voeding gehaald (H2O, fruit, groenten)




o Voorbeeld; bruin w v/e appel
˃ Eten v. appel -> openbreken -> breken v. cellen -> in contact m. O2
˃ Melanine zorgt vr bruine pigment => vermijden
▪ Citroen -> zuur = eiwitten denatureeren
-> anti-oxidant
▪ O2 vermijden
▪ In frigo -> lage temp. +- 4°C
-> polyfenolen optimaal bij temp 20°C

, Hst 2; Enzymen-biologische katalysatoren
o Enzymen = eiwitten/ biologische katalysatoren
˃ eigen specifiek 3D vorm
˃ heeft actief centrum/zijde -> bindt m. Substraat -> Ch. Reactie
˃ temp. Afh.

Hst 3; Enzymen-Opbouw
a. Enzymen = eiwitten
o Enzymen =eiwitten = aaneenschakeling AZ
o AZ = bouwstenen grote eiwitmoleculen.
˃ 20 az -> 1000’en enzymen w gemaakt
˃ Verbonden via CO-NH verbindingen

b. Aminozuren (AZ’en)
o Opbouw AZ
˃ -COOH gr. (Carboxylgr.)
˃ -NH2 gr. (Aminogr.)
˃ H
˃ R-gr. -> is ≠’d-> ≠ in FY & CH eigenschappen
o 5 ≠ R-groepen
1. Alifatische AZ (nt polair)

2. -OH of thiol gr.

3. Aromatische AZ

4. Basische AZ
▪ -NH2 gr. Mr nt afgeleid V. carbonzuur
5. Zure AZ & amiden
▪ -COOH in R-gr.
▪ Carbonzuur amide

c. Opbouw eiwit
o Peptide binding
˃ Binding gevormd tss COO- gr. ene AZ en NH3+ v. ander AZ
˃ Condensatie reactie -> afsplitsing H2O
˃ ≠ AZ -> vormen dipeptide -> meerde peptidebindingen -> polypeptide




o Structuren
1. Primaire structuur
▪ Lineaire keten AZ’en
▪ Sequentie AZ = specifiek/eiwit
▪ Sequentie AZ bep. Ruimtelijke structuur

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