Exam (elaborations)
Cellular Biology
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Exam of 52 pages for the course Cellular Biology at ED (Pathophysiology)
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1 of 52Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
McCance/Huether: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults
and Children, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorp-
tion?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive
enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA,
contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy
production. Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Lysosomes function as the intracellular digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lys
o-
so
, 2 of 52
me
s
b. Per
ox-
i-
so
me
s
c. Ri-
bo-
so
me
s
d. En-
do-
so
me
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to re-
move hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are syn-
thesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear en-
velope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate
from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome
is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is re-
leased during cell injury?
a. Ri-
bo-
so
me
b. Gol
gi
co
m-
ple
x
, 3 of 52
c. Sm
oot
h
en-
do-
pla
s-
mic
reti
cu-
lu
m
d. Lys
o-
so
me
s
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive en-
zymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplas-
mic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to
a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates,
causing cellular self-digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for
cellular protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles
and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is
involved in steroid hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. In-
cre
ase
d
hea
rt
rate
and
for
ce
of
con
trac
tio
n
, 4 of 52
b. Se-
cret
ion
of
cor
ti-
sol
c. In-
cre
ase
d
re-
tent
ion
of
wa-
ter
d. Bre
ak-
do
wn
of
fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine
causes increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due
to ACTH. Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the comple-
tion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nu-
clear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
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