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Summary socialisation, identity and culture - Topic 1 (OCR)
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contains key terms and key sociologists for each part of topic 1 of socialisation, identity and culture.
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Socialisation, Culture and IdentityCulture - way of life in a particular society.
Values - beliefs and ideas that society sees as important and it accepted by majority
of society. Eg: educational achievement, respect.
Norms - expected patterns of behaviour that are based on the values of a culture. Eg:
wearing clothes in public, obeying the teachers rules.
Mead (1935)
- studied several tribal cultures in Samoa and New Guinea
-studied male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
-she found roles were different compared to USA at the time.
- Tchambuli tribe saw females being more dominant and males were timid.
cultural diversity - differences and varieties found in societies, can be seen as
intercultural diverse (between cultures) and intracultural diverse (within cultures).
The UK is culturally diverse as there is a variety of norms &
values. Includes cultures of different
ethnic groups.
Intercultural - when cultures differ from one another in terms of norms and values.
Intracultural - society becomes more culturally diverse.
Multi-cultural - containing and tolerating a diversity of ethnic groups living side by
side.
Subcultures - A culture within a culture, adopt their own norms and values. Eg: emos
Punks.
Cultural hybridity - a cross between or merging of two cultures. Seen through music
food and fashion.
In UK, this applies to 2nd and 3rd generation
immigrants who adopt hybrid identities, mixing
their parents culture with aspects of British culture.
‘ Brasians’ ‘Blasians’.
, High culture - high status activities enjoyed by middle and upper class. They believe
they are superior to the popular culture as they are better educated and had a
luxurious upbringing. Eg: watching Shakespeare plays, listening to classical music.
Popular culture - activities enjoyed by the majority of the population, this could be
going to a football match, going to the cinema or going to a pop concert.
Bourdieu (1984)
- there is distinction between high and popular culture due to there social
network. High class is supported by the high economic classes whilst the
media credits and spreads popular culture.
Consumer culture - increasing availability of the consumption of goods and services.
Encourage and reinforced by the media, especially the advertising and celebrity
culture.
Global culture - growing trend of cultural products and activities becoming ‘
universal’. Eg: Brands across differently countries become identical (McDonalds).
McLuhan (1964)
- the world has become a smaller place, and we now live in a global village,
driven by the industry travel and accessible media.
socialisation - learning the norms and values of society
Nature (genes)
Isabel the ‘ chicken girl’ - found age 10 in Portugal, left in chicken coop,
she couldn’t speak, she wasn’t toilet trained. Imitated
behaviour of hens. He was physically malformed.
Nurture
(upbringing)
Bouchard - identical twins Oskar and Jack seperated at birth reunited as
adults. Oskar raised Catholic in Germany under Nazi regime by his
grandmother whilst Jack was brought up in the Caribbean as a Jew
by his Father. Bouchard found many similarities such as mannerism
and temperament.
Workplace - resocialisation has been
used to refer to the new set norms and
values and individuals will learn when
they start a new job. Waddington (1999)
‘canteen culture’ set of norms and values
that people who work in a particular
organnisation will be socialised to accept
so certain behaviour become the norm.
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