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Samenvatting macro: onderwijsbeleid
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Uitgebreide samenvatting van het boek 'Onderwijsbeleid in Vlaanderen' aangevuld met notities uit de les
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By: ChayenFabre • 2 year ago
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School – enonderwijsbeleid
Onderwijsbeleid (macro)
2020-2021
Opleidings – en
onderwijswetenschappen
C. VandenBorre
1
,Inhoud
DEEL 1: de basispijlers van het Vlaamse onderwijsbeleid .................................................................................................. 5
1. De horizontale pijlers ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
2. De verticale pijlers .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
3. Het complexe samenspel van verticale & horizontale pijlers .......................................................................................... 6
4. Onderwijsbeleid als macroniveau in een onderwijskundig referentiekader ................................................................... 6
DEEL 2: Horizontale pijlers..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Pijler 1: Vrijheid van onderwijs ................................................................................................................................................ 7
1.1 De grondwettelijke vrijheid van onderwijs ............................................................................................................ 7
1.2 Van vrijheid van onderwijs naar recht op onderwijs ............................................................................................ 7
1.3 Van recht op onderwijs naar discussies over financiering: schoolstrijd .................................................................. 8
De eerste schoolstrijd (1879) ........................................................................................................................................... 8
De tweede schoolstrijd (1955) ......................................................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Het schoolpact ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
Ter overweging: verzuiling ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Pijler 2: leerplicht en geen schoolplicht ................................................................................................................................. 11
2.1 De lange weg naar de leerplicht................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Leerplicht en schoolstrijd ............................................................................................................................................. 11
2.3 Verlenging van de leerplicht: opnieuw discussie ....................................................................................................... 12
2.4 Leerplicht en geen schoolplicht ................................................................................................................................... 12
2.5 Nieuwe discussies: verlagen start – en eindleeftijd ................................................................................................... 13
Verlagen van de ondergrens .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Verlagen van de bovengrens .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Ter overweging: niet-gekwalificeerde uitstroom ............................................................................................................. 14
Pijler 3: onderwijs = gemeenschapsmaterie.......................................................................................................................... 15
Pijler 4: Kwaliteitszorg en – bewaking .................................................................................................................................. 15
4.1 De wortels van de kwaliteitsdriehoek ......................................................................................................................... 15
4.1.1 Inspiratie voor de kwaliteitsdriehoek: de commissie Monard ......................................................................... 16
Ter overweging: scheiding inspecteren en begeleiden .................................................................................................... 16
4.1.2 Het decreet over de kwaliteitsdriehoek .............................................................................................................. 17
4.1.3 Eindtermen en de daarop gebaseerde leerplannen ........................................................................................... 18
4.1.4 De Inspectie............................................................................................................................................................ 18
4.1.5 Pedagogische begeleidingsdiensten ..................................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Verdere evoluties: ET en curriculum.......................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.1 Leerplannen ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
4.2.2 Legislatuur 2015-2019 ........................................................................................................................................... 20
4.2.3. Een (te) haastig doorgevoerde nieuwe decretale regeling? ............................................................................. 21
Ter overweging: eindtermen en vrijheid van onderwijs ................................................................................................. 23
4.3 Verdere evoluties rond kwaliteitsbewaking: inspectie en toetsen ........................................................................... 23
2
, 4.3.1 Situatie VOOR decreet 2018................................................................................................................................ 23
4.3.2 Nieuwe aanpak: inspectie 2.0 ............................................................................................................................... 24
4.3.3 Bereiken van de ET: rol van peilingstoetsen ..................................................................................................... 25
4.3.4 Naar gestandaardiseerde toetsen ......................................................................................................................... 26
4.3.5 Oriënteringsproeven.............................................................................................................................................. 26
4.4 Verdere evoluties: pedagogische begeleiding & nascholing .................................................................................... 27
4.4.1 Pedagogische begeleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 27
4.4.2 Nascholing .............................................................................................................................................................. 27
4.4.3. Centra voor leerlingenbegeleiding (CLB’s) ....................................................................................................... 27
Ter overweging: een (te) zachte kwaliteitsaanpak?.......................................................................................................... 28
Pijler 5: Diversiteit & inclusie: opvangen van sociale ongelijkheid en ongelijke onderwijskansen .............................. 29
5.1 Het ontmaskeren van de meritocratie ........................................................................................................................ 29
5.1.1 Een meritocratisch onderwijs .............................................................................................................................. 29
5.1.2 Gelijke kansen ........................................................................................................................................................ 29
5.1.3 Illustraties ................................................................................................................................................................ 29
5.2 Recht op onderwijs: naar een strakker wettelijk kader ............................................................................................. 30
5.3 de GOK-decreten vanaf 2002 ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Ter overweging: inschrijvingsregels en kamperen........................................................................................................... 32
5.4 Inclusie en het M-decreet ............................................................................................................................................. 32
5.4.1 Antecedenten van het M-decreet......................................................................................................................... 32
5.4.2 Eerste stappen van het M-decreet ....................................................................................................................... 33
Pijler 6: formeel verankerde plaats van stakeholders in discussies mbt onderwijsbeleid ............................................... 34
6.1 De VLOR ....................................................................................................................................................................... 34
6.2 Schoolraden .................................................................................................................................................................... 34
6.3 De engagementsverklaring ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Pijler 7: Vlaams-Europese kwalificatiestructuur .................................................................................................................. 35
7.1 Europese harmonisatie van de hogere onderwijsruimte.......................................................................................... 35
7.2 Harmonisatie van de volledige opleidingsstructuur: van EQF naar VKS ............................................................ 35
7.2.1 De Europese versie: EQF .................................................................................................................................... 35
De Vlaamse versie: VKS ................................................................................................................................................ 36
DEEL 3: Verticale pijlers ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
1. Het basisonderwijs .......................................................................................................................................................... 37
1.1 Kleuteronderwijs ........................................................................................................................................................... 38
1.2 Lager onderwijs.............................................................................................................................................................. 38
Ter overweging: getuigschrift basisonderwijs .................................................................................................................. 39
1.3 Buitengewoon basisonderwijs...................................................................................................................................... 40
2. Het secundair onderwijs ................................................................................................................................................. 40
2.1 Het hervormde secundair onderwijs........................................................................................................................... 41
2.2 Eerste graad secundair onderwijs ................................................................................................................................ 42
2.3 Tweede en derde graad secundair onderwijs ............................................................................................................. 43
3
, Ter overweging: vreemde logica van onderwijsvormen ................................................................................................. 44
2.4 de Centrale Examencommissie ................................................................................................................................... 44
2.5 Leren en werken ............................................................................................................................................................ 45
2.5.1 Huidige situatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
2.5.2 Tendensen in de Europese Unie ......................................................................................................................... 45
2.5.3 Nieuwe organisatie................................................................................................................................................. 46
Ter overweging: selectie aandacht van bedrijven ............................................................................................................ 46
3. Het buitengewoon secundair onderwijs ....................................................................................................................... 47
4. Overige trajecten secundair onderwijs ......................................................................................................................... 47
4.1 Secundair onderwijs in volwassenenonderwijs.......................................................................................................... 47
4.1.1 De ‘nieuwe’ CVO’s en centra voor basiseducatie ............................................................................................. 48
4.1.2 Tweedekansonderwijs ........................................................................................................................................... 48
4.1.3 Vroegere HBO-opleidingen ................................................................................................................................. 48
4.1.4 Basiseducatie ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
Ter overweging: modulair onderwijs ................................................................................................................................ 49
4.2 Andere opleidingsverstrekkers .................................................................................................................................... 49
4.3 Deeltijds kunstonderwijs .............................................................................................................................................. 49
5. Het hoger onderwijs ....................................................................................................................................................... 50
5.1 Hogescholen................................................................................................................................................................... 51
5.2 Universiteiten ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
5.3 Lerarenopleidingen in Vlaanderen .............................................................................................................................. 52
Ter overweging: wie mag lesgeven in het hoger onderwijs? .......................................................................................... 54
4
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