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Samenvatting Algemene pathologie 1
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Een samenvatting van de lessen, ppt en noties van algemene pathologie 1 gegeven door dr. Brands .
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ALGEMENE PATHOLOGIE2020-2021
,Inhoud
1. Inleiding .................................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 Diagnose: .......................................................................................................................... 5
2. Dermatologie/ huidziekten .................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Anatomie: samenstelling v.d. huid ................................................................................... 8
2.2 Functie: ............................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Afwijkingen: ...................................................................................................................... 8
2.4 Oorzaken van lesies/ huidaandoeningen: ...................................................................... 13
2.5 Auto-immuniteit ............................................................................................................. 16
3. Ziekteverschijnselen ............................................................................................................. 17
3.1 Ontsteking/ inflammatie ................................................................................................ 17
3.1.1 Mogelijke oorzaken ................................................................................................. 17
3.1.2 Kenmerken van ontsteking ..................................................................................... 17
3.1.3 Mechanismen .......................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Infectie ............................................................................................................................ 19
3.2.1 Micro-organismen ................................................................................................... 19
3.2.2 Wanneer komt het voor? ........................................................................................ 19
3.2.3 Belangrijke factoren in immuunstatus .................................................................... 19
3.2.4 Bacteriën ................................................................................................................. 19
3.4.5 Virussen ................................................................................................................... 20
3.3 Allergie............................................................................................................................ 23
3.3.1 Vier types allergieën ................................................................................................ 24
3.3.2 IgE beter onderscheiden ......................................................................................... 25
3.3.3 Belangrijkheid IgG en IgM ....................................................................................... 26
3.3.4 Mechanisme ............................................................................................................ 26
3.3.5 Welke allergenen? ................................................................................................... 26
→ elke stof kan een allergeen vormen ............................................................................ 26
3.3.6 Welke ziekten? ........................................................................................................ 26
3.3.7 Hoe diagnose stellen? ............................................................................................. 27
3.3.8 Enkele testen ........................................................................................................... 27
3.3.9 Therapie................................................................................................................... 28
3.4 Auto immuniteit ............................................................................................................. 28
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, 3.5 Corticosteroïden ............................................................................................................. 28
3.6 Vaccinatie ....................................................................................................................... 30
3.6.1 Waar tegen vaccineren?.......................................................................................... 30
4. Enkele belangrijke ziektebeelden......................................................................................... 32
4.1 Luchtwegen .................................................................................................................... 32
4.1.1 Inhoud van de luchtwegen ...................................................................................... 32
4.1.2 Verkoudheid ............................................................................................................ 32
4.1.3 Bronchitis................................................................................................................. 33
4.1.4 Pneumonie/ longontsteking .................................................................................... 33
4.1.5 Griep/ influenza ....................................................................................................... 34
4.1.6 TBC/ tuberculose ..................................................................................................... 34
4.2 Darmen ........................................................................................................................... 35
4.2.1 Opbouw ................................................................................................................... 35
4.2.2 Belangrijkste ziektebeeld: gastro-enteritis ............................................................. 36
4.3 Urinewegen .................................................................................................................... 36
4.3.1 Opbouw ................................................................................................................... 36
4.3.2 Vrouw v.s. man ........................................................................................................ 37
4.3.3 Belangrijkste ziektebeelden bij urinewegen ........................................................... 37
4.3.4 Katheder .................................................................................................................. 38
4.3.5 Prostaat ................................................................................................................... 39
4.4 S.O.A. (seksueel overdraagbare aandoeningen) ............................................................ 39
4.4.1 Scabies/ schurft ....................................................................................................... 40
4.4.2 Gonorroe ................................................................................................................. 40
4.4.3 Syphilis ..................................................................................................................... 41
4.4.4 Chlamydia ................................................................................................................ 42
4.4.5 Schaamluis ............................................................................................................... 43
4.4.6 Herpes ..................................................................................................................... 43
4.4.7 Condylomata ........................................................................................................... 43
4.4.8 HPV/ Humaan papilloma virus ................................................................................ 44
4.4.9 Hepatitis B ............................................................................................................... 44
4.4.10 HIV/AIDS ................................................................................................................ 45
4.4.11 Anticonceptie middelen ........................................................................................ 47
4.5 Huid ................................................................................................................................ 47
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, 5. Oncologie.............................................................................................................................. 48
5.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................................... 48
5.2 Benigne V.S. maligne ...................................................................................................... 48
5.3 Naamgeving benigne en maligne tumoren .................................................................... 49
5.3.1 Dieper ingaan op sommige tumoren ...................................................................... 49
5.4 Indeling tumoren ............................................................................................................ 51
5.5 Carcinomen .................................................................................................................... 52
5.5.1 Oorzaken: ................................................................................................................ 52
5.5.2 Ontstaan van kanker: .............................................................................................. 52
5.5.3 Factoren die ontstaan/ groei/ afweer van carcinomen beïnvloeden ..................... 52
5.5.4 Therapie................................................................................................................... 52
5.5.5 Preventie ................................................................................................................. 53
6. Erfelijkheid ............................................................................................................................ 54
6.1 Waar wordt erfelijkheid bepaald? ................................................................................. 54
6.2 Termen ........................................................................................................................... 54
6.3 Mendel ........................................................................................................................... 54
6.4 Genetische aandoeningen.............................................................................................. 55
6.5 Autosomaal (dominant) aandoeningen ......................................................................... 55
7. Bloedgroepen ....................................................................................................................... 57
7.1 Wat bepaald de bloedgroepen? ..................................................................................... 57
7.2 Verdeling bloedgroepen in de populatie ....................................................................... 57
7.3 Positieve of negatieve resusfactor? (RH) ....................................................................... 58
7.4 Oefeningen ..................................................................................................................... 58
8. Cardiovasculair systeem (EXAMEN) ..................................................................................... 60
8.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................................... 60
8.2 Anatomische bouw ......................................................................................................... 60
8.2.1 Het hart ................................................................................................................... 60
8.3 Enkele belangrijke afwijkingen ....................................................................................... 63
8.4 Oorzaken van cardiovasculair lijden............................................................................... 65
8.5 Hoe een gezond cardiovasculair leven leiden? .............................................................. 65
8.6 Arteriële hypertensie (=druk die heerst in de bloedvaten wanneer het hart
samenpompt of wnr het haart zich vult en relaxeert) ......................................................... 65
8.7 Diabetes mellitus ............................................................................................................ 66
8.8 Vetten ............................................................................................................................. 66
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