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Samenvatting hoorcolleges algemene fysiologie
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Samenvatting van 89 pagina's voor het vak Algemene Fysiologie aan de RuG (Alle hoorcolleges)
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1. Ademhaling en gaswisseling....................................................................................................................... 31.1 Longen en ventilatie (KC1)..............................................................................................................................3
1.1 Druk en volume 1 (KC2)..................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Druk en volume 2 (KC3)..................................................................................................................................5
1.3 Gastransport 1 (KC4)......................................................................................................................................7
1.4 Gastransport 2 (KC5)......................................................................................................................................8
1.5 Ventilatie/Perfusie (KC6)..............................................................................................................................10
1.6 Regulatie van ventilatie (KC7)......................................................................................................................11
1.7 Q&A over dit ‘’hoofdstuk’’............................................................................................................................13
2. Celfysiologie I en II................................................................................................................................... 14
2.1 Celfysiologie I ¼ (KC1)...................................................................................................................................14
2.2 Celfysiologie I 2/4 (KC2)................................................................................................................................15
2.3 Celfysiologie I ¾ (KC3)...................................................................................................................................16
2.4 Celfysiologie I 4/4 (KC4)................................................................................................................................17
2.5 Celfysiologie II 1/6 (KC5)...............................................................................................................................18
2.6 Celfysiologie II 2/6 (KC6)...............................................................................................................................19
2.7 Celfysiologie II 3/6 (KC7)...............................................................................................................................20
2.8 Celfysiologie 4/6 (KC8)..................................................................................................................................21
2.9 Celfysiologie 5/6 (KC9)..................................................................................................................................22
2.10 Celfysiologie II 6/6 (KC10)...........................................................................................................................23
2.11 Q&A Celfysiologie I en II.............................................................................................................................24
3. Neurohumorale regulaties en bloed......................................................................................................... 25
3.1 Neurohumorale regulaties 1/8 (KC1)............................................................................................................25
3.2 Neurohumorale regulaties 2/8 (KC2)............................................................................................................25
3.3 Neurohumorale regulatie 3/8 (KC3).............................................................................................................27
3.4 Neurohumerale regulatie 4/8 (KC4).............................................................................................................28
3.5 Neurohumorale regulatie 5/8 (KC5).............................................................................................................29
3.6 Neurohumerale neuronen 6.8 (KC6).............................................................................................................30
3.7 Neurohumorale regulatie 7/8 (KC7).............................................................................................................31
3.8 Neurohumorale regulatie 8/8 (KC8).............................................................................................................31
3.9 Bloed 1/5 (KC9).............................................................................................................................................32
3.10 Bloed 2.5 (KC10).........................................................................................................................................33
3.11 Bloed 3/5 (KC11).........................................................................................................................................34
3.12 Bloed 4/5 (KC12).........................................................................................................................................35
3.13 Bloed 5/5 (KC13).........................................................................................................................................36
4. Hart I en II................................................................................................................................................ 38
4.1 Hart I – Elektrofysiologie 1/5 (KC1) Membraanpotentiaal...........................................................................38
, 4.2 Hart 1 – Elektrofysiologie 2/5 (KC2) Actiepotentialen..................................................................................39
4.3 Hart 1 – Elektrofysiologie 3/5 (KC3) Impulsgeleiding...................................................................................40
4.4 Hart 1 – Elektrofysiologie 4/5 (KC4) Invloed AZS..........................................................................................41
4.5 Hart – elektrofysiologie 5/5 (KC5) ECG.........................................................................................................41
4.6 Hart II – Druk, volume en tijd ¼ (KC6) Spiervezelcontractie.........................................................................44
4.7 Hart II – Druk, volume en tijd 2/4 (KC7) Hartcyclus......................................................................................45
4.8 Hart II – Druk, volume en tijd ¾ (KC8) Pompfunctie.....................................................................................46
4.9 Hart II – Druk, volume en tijd 4/4 (KC9) Slagvolume....................................................................................48
5. Hart, Vaten en Circulatie......................................................................................................................... 49
5.1 Hart & Vaten. Deel 1.....................................................................................................................................49
5.2 Hart & Vaten. Deel 2.....................................................................................................................................49
5.3 Hart & Vaten. Deel 3.....................................................................................................................................51
5.4 Systeemcirculatie..........................................................................................................................................53
5.5 Q&A..............................................................................................................................................................55
6. Spijsvertering en metabolisme................................................................................................................. 57
6.1 Spijsvertering KC1 Introductie......................................................................................................................57
............................................................................................................................................................................59
6.2 Spijsvertering KC2 Mond...............................................................................................................................59
6.3 Spijsvertering KC3 maag...............................................................................................................................60
6.4 Spijsvertering KC4 Duodenum, Pancreas, Galblaas.....................................................................................63
6.5 Spijsvertering KC5 Absorptie – Dunne darm.................................................................................................65
6.6 Spijvertering KC6 Colon en rectum...............................................................................................................68
6.7 Q&A Spijsvertering & Metabolisme..............................................................................................................69
7. Nieren..................................................................................................................................................... 72
7.1 Nieren, intro..................................................................................................................................................72
7.2 Nieren, filtratie deel 1...................................................................................................................................73
7.3 Nieren, filtratie deel 2...................................................................................................................................75
7.4 Nieren, terugresorptie & secretie deel 1.......................................................................................................77
7.5 Nieren, terugresorptie & secretie deel 2.......................................................................................................79
7.6 Nieren, intro regulatieve functies.................................................................................................................80
7.6 Q&A nieren...................................................................................................................................................82
8. Veroudering............................................................................................................................................. 83
8.1 Fysiologie van veroudering, deel 1...............................................................................................................83
8.2 Fysiologie van veroudering, deel 2...............................................................................................................85
8.3 Fysiologie van veroudering, deel 3..............................................................................................................87
8.4 Q&A..............................................................................................................................................................88
,1. Ademhaling en gaswisseling
1.1 Longen en ventilatie (KC1)
Componenten van ademhaling
- Ventilatie (deze KC)
o Het transport van gassen de long in en uit (platmaken longen)
- Diffusie
o Het transport van gassen a) tussen longenlucht en het bloed van de longvaten
en b) tussen bloed en lichaamscellen
- Ventilatie/perfusie verhouding
o De onderlinge afstemming van de ventilatie en de doorbloeding van de long
- Gastransport door het bloed
o Het transport van 02 en CO2 door het bloed
- Cellulaire ademhaling
o De oxidatie van voedingsstoffen onder productie van energie en CO2
Bovenste luchtwegen = Voordat je in trachea uitkomt, heb je het over de bovenste
respiratoire systeem
Onderste luchtwegen = Vanaf de trachea naar beneden, gaat over in 2 bronchie, deze
breiden zich steeds uit en worden kleiner
Bronchie komen uit in alveoli, zijn kleine longblaasjes zorgen voor verplaatsing naar bloed
Conductie naar respiratie Trachea eerste bronchie steeds naar kleinere bronchie
bronchiale alveoli
Inspiratie Ribben komen los en ‘’vergroten zich’’, hierdoor krijgen longen meer ruimte en
dus meer longinhoud, hierdoor kan lucht naar binnen stromen (externe intercostale spieren)
Expiratie Passief, je ontspant je spieren, dus wordt automatisch kleiner, hierdoor gaat de
lucht weer uit je longen. Meestal passief, maar kan ook actief. Hier span je dan je interne
intercostale spieren aan en je rechte en transverse buikspieren. Hierdoor gaan je ribben naar
beneden, dus actieve expiratie
, Spirometrie (statische longvolumes) (voor duidelijkheid zie dia’s pp) (Meestal over
mannen)
- Begint bij 2300 ml lucht in long, bij normale ademhaling komt er 500 ml
(teugvolume) in en uit.
- Als je zover gaat uitademen als je kunt, gaat er nog eens 1100 ml ‘’extra’’ uit
(expiratory reserve volume), nu houd je 1200 ml over (Residual volume, blijft in je
longen, krijg je niet eruit)
- Nu adem je zo diep mogelijk in, dan komt er ongeveer 3000 ml extra lucht in je
longen, dus je gaat van 2300 naar 2800 naar 5800. (Die 3000 = inspiratory reserve
volume) Totale longvolume komt dan op ongeveer 5800.
o Als je na uitademen op normaal niveau uitkomt (2300) dat heet inspiratory
capacity
o Als je op maximale uitkomt wat je kunt doen met uitademingen (1200), dat
heet vital capacity (4600)
- Functional residual capacity (2300) = residual volume (1200) + Expiratory reserve
volume (1100)
Statische longvolumes
- Ademvolume (Teugvolume) = VT
- Inspiratoir reserve volume = IRV
- Expiratoir reserve volume = ERV
- Residuaal volume = RV
Statische longcapaciteit
- Functionele residuaal capaciteit FRC = ERV + RV
- Inspiratoire capaciteit IC = VT + IRV
- Vitale capaciteit VC = IC + ERV
- Totale longcapaciteit TLC = VC + RV
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