Other
History AQA- The Age of the Crusades- First Crusade
- Course
- Institution
Revision Notes covering the topic in depth
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
aliceholman
Content preview
REASONS FOR THE FIRST CRUSADERELIGIOUS MOTIVATION
-1077- muslim seljuk turks captured and took control
-became increasingly harder for Christian pilgrims to visit the East
-rumours of mistreatment of christians spread
-Pope Urban promised knights of Europe full forgiveness of sins/penance/indulgences
-1095- to obey the Pope people went on the crusade to free the Holy Land
-christians wanted to ensure access for pilgrims to Jerusalem
-indulgences were offered to the crusaders- belief of purgatory in catholicism
-”deus vult”- God wanted them to crusade
-christian persecution acts in the east, although exaggerated byt Urban, still happened
RESULT OF CHURCH REFORMS/ INVESTITURE CONTEST
-Pope Gregory VII and Hhenry IV (HRE) argued over who had the right to appoint bishops
-Gregory published a papal bull and excommunicated Henry (ask Pope for forgiveness)
-Pope humiliated Henry and made him kneel in the snow for 3 days
-this weakened the papacy for Urban so he chose to assist Byzantium
-called the First Crusade with the intent of taking the Holy Land to reform the Pope’s reputation and
strengthen papacy after the Investiture Contest
-call for the First Crusade was an excuse to rebuild his reputation (papal supremacy)
-demonstrated the papacy can work effectively with other institutions
-anti-pope threatened Urban’s position- he wanted to prove he had ultimate authority and spiritual
power
CRISIS OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
-Seljuk Turks had almost collapsed the Byzantine empire during the Battle of Manzikert
-abbasids were threatening Constantinople and the Seljuk Turks began emerging
-1054- attacked Byzantium
-1071- Romanos divided the army in Manzikert
-Alp Arslan made a surprise attack on the army
-Romanos wouldn’t negotiate peace/ attacked Arslan’s camp
-Alp Arslan defeated Romanos
-Antioch and Edessa were taken away in reparations and given to the seljuks
-Alexios Commenus inherited a very unstable and weakened empire
-Seljuks humiliated Byzantium by almost collapsing the empire
-reason for Alexios’ appeal= due to the empire’s crisis
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller aliceholman. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.96. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now