Summary
Summary Organizations & ICT Midterm (INFOOICT)
- Course
- Institution
All substance for the midterm of OICT
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
IsabelleU
Reviews received
Content preview
SV Organisaties & ICTCollege 1 - Information Systems in Global Business Today
Course outline
➢ You need a good culture on organisations and ICT (Terminology, Awareness, Skills)
➢ Bv Disney World → Problem: Long lines limit how many rides, shops, and restaurants a
customer can visit during a stay.
o Partial solution: Themed & decorated, 'Wiggly' lines, Fast moving
o Partial solution: Fast pass, Express, Premium, etc.
o Solution: Enhance customer satisfaction and spending by using information systems to
spot gridlock and improve crowd flow. Which means are used?
▪ video cameras, digital maps, computer programs, mobile apps
▪ ICT has a prominent role in increasing value and revenue in any business
➢ By studying organisations, the context where ICT operates
➢ By understanding their processes, how they work
➢ By explaining how ICT helps improve such organisations
➢ By presenting modelling techniques to analyse this interplay
Information systems in business today
➢ Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
➢ Information Technology (IT)
➢ (Computerised) Information System (IS)
The role of ISs
➢ Information systems are transforming business
o Emerging mobile digital platform
o Growing business use of big data
o Growth in cloud computing
➢ Globalisation opportunities
o Internet has drastically reduced costs of operating globally
o Increases in foreign trade, outsourcing
o Presents both challenges and opportunities
➢ Why is ICT important → ICT capital investment: defined as hardware, software, and
communications equipment, is measured as a percentage of total nonresidential gross fixed
capital formation.
➢ Technology
o Cloud computing as a major business area of innovation
o Growth in software as a service (SaaS) (Dropbox)
o A mobile digital platform
1
,➢ Management
o Managers use online collaboration and social networking software, so as to improve
(LinkedIn)
▪ Coordination
▪ Collaboration
▪ Knowledge sharing
o Business intelligence applications accelerate by making strategic use of data!
o Virtual meetings proliferate
➢ Organisations
o Web 2.0 applications are widely adopted by
firms
▪ Facebook, wikis, blogs, instant
messaging
o Telework gains momentum in the workspace
o Business ecosystems: co-creation of business
value
➢ The emerging digital firm
o Growing interdependence between ability to use information technology and ability to
implement corporate strategies and achieve corporate goals
o Business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve 6+1 strategic business
objectives:
1. Operational excellence
2. New products, services, and business models
3. Customer and supplier intimacy
4. Improved decision making
5. Competitive advantage
6. Survival
7. Becoming more responsible
➢ Operational excellence
o Example: Walmart’s Retail Link system links suppliers to stores for superior
replenishment system
o Objective: Improvement of efficiency to attain higher profitability
o Information systems, technology an important tool in achieving greater efficiency and
productivity → The traditional use of ICT since its dawn
➢ New products, services, and business models
o Examples: Apple’s iPad, Google’s Android OS, and Netflix
o Business model: describes how company produces, delivers, and sells product or service
to create wealth
▪ E.g., micro-transactions
o Information systems and technology are a major enabling tool for new products,
services, business models
2
, ➢ Customer and supplier intimacy
o Example: JCPenney’s information system which links sales records to contract
manufacturer
o Serving customers well leads to customers returning, which raises revenues and profits
▪ Example: High-end hotels that use computers to track customer preferences
and used to monitor and customise environment
o Intimacy with suppliers allows them to provide vital inputs, which lowers costs
➢ Improved decision making
o Example: Verizon’s Web-based digital dashboard to provide managers with real-time
data on customer complaints, network performance, line outages, and so on.
o Without accurate information:
o Managers must use forecasts, best guesses, luck
o Results in:
▪ Overproduction, underproduction
▪ Misallocation of resources
▪ Poor response times
▪ Poor outcomes raise costs, lose customers
➢ Competitive advantage
o Examples: Apple, Walmart, UPS
o Delivering better performance
o Charging less for superior products
o Responding to customers and suppliers in real time
➢ Survival
o Information technologies as necessity of business
o Industry-level changes → bv geldautomaat
o Governmental regulations requiring record-keeping →bv Toxic Substances Control Act
➢ Becoming more responsible
o Companies can be interested in becoming more responsible for different reasons
▪ Internal forces
• The relevant stakeholders (e.g. the owners and the employees) believe
it is the right thing to do.
• Using it as a driver for competitive advantage (sustainability)
▪ External forces
• For marketing purposes. Beware of green-washing!
• Responsible consumer pressure.
• Influence of watchdog organisations (e.g. https://goodelectronics.org)
• New regulations.
Perspectives on information systems
Information systems, information, data
➢ Information system: set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute
information to support decision making, coordination, and control
➢ Three activities of information systems produce information that organisations need
o Input: Captures raw data from organisation or external environment
3
, o Processing: Converts raw data into meaningful form
o Output: Transfers processed information to people or
activities that use it
➢ Data vs. information
o Data are streams of raw facts, codified perceptions of
world phenomena.
o Information is data shaped into a meaningful form,
typically with a purpose.
Dimensions of information systems
➢ Not all information systems are the same. They are affected (and
need to be understood through) several dimensions:
o Organisational → They adapt to business
functions (marketing, human resources,
accounting, production), processes, culture,
politics, etc.
o Management → Managers set organisational
strategy for responding to business challenges,
and they also act creatively (e.g. new products and
services).
o Technology → There is an ICT infrastructure (the
platform that systems are built on). Computer
hardware and software, data management
technology, networking and telecommunications
technology
➢ E -waste → E-waste is producing devastating effects in the
lives of many people. And we are all producing it!
o Size of problem, impact
o Potential solutions
o Resistance forces
o Competitive advantages
➢ Any artefact intended to store of store or convey
information can be considered part of an information
system! Dus paper form en software
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller IsabelleU. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.61. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
64438 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now