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Embryologie en teratologie: samenvatting/uitwerking mogelijke examenvragen

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  • Course
  • Embryologie en teratologie (1047FBDDIE)
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)

Samenvatting 'Embryologie en teratologie' (o.a. voor Diergeneeskunde, 2e semester) aan de hand van mogelijke (korte) termen die tijdens het examen kunnen worden gevraagd. Elk onderwerp is volledig uitgewerkt en bij sommige termen zijn er illustraties (gebaseerd op de PPT's) ter verduidelijking toe...

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Document information

  • May 28, 2021
  • May 11, 2022
  • 74
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

  • embryologie
  • diergeneeskunde
  • bachelor diergeneeskunde
  • korte termen
  • examenvragen
  • samenvatting
  • embryologie en teratologie
  • universiteit antwerpen

Written for

  • Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
  • Diergeneeskunde
  • Embryologie en teratologie (1047FBDDIE)
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4  reviews

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By: mirtedekuyer51 • 11 months ago

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By: evavannieuwkoop • 9 months ago

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Hi Mirte! Thanks a lot for your review. Hope the exam went well:)

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By: Babet1000 • 1 year ago

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Well-structured text and nice layout. Handy to have with you.

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By: evavannieuwkoop • 1 year ago

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Very nice that it helps you! Thanks for your review & good luck with the exam:)

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By: brontjansen • 2 year ago

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By: evavannieuwkoop • 2 year ago

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Thanks for your review. Good luck with the exam!

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By: diergeneeskundevell • 3 year ago

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By: evavannieuwkoop • 3 year ago

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Thanks for your review! Hope the exam went well:)

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EMBRYOLOGIE EN
TERATOLOGIE




1e Bachelor DGK – Lessen door Prof. Van Cruchten

,Inhoudsopgave
LES 1: Inleiding & voortplanting..................................................................................................................... 5

Wat is meiose? Geef de verschillen tussen mannelijke en vrouwelijk individuen................................................5

Op welke twee manieren vermijdt een eicel dat er twee zaadcellen binnen zullen dringen?..............................6

Compaction stadium.............................................................................................................................................7

Is een spermatide vruchtbaar?.............................................................................................................................7

Is het mogelijk om een blastula te implanteren?.................................................................................................8

Is de tijdsduur van implantatie bij een merrie net zo lang als bij de andere diersoorten?..................................8

LES 2: Abnormale bevruchting, klieving en blastulatie....................................................................................9

Bespreek abnormale bevruchting.........................................................................................................................9

Bespreek abnormale klieving................................................................................................................................9

Ontstaan monozygote tweeling...........................................................................................................................9

LES 2: AFWIJKINGEN.................................................................................................................................... 10

LES 3: Gastrulatie & neurulatie..................................................................................................................... 11

Ontstaan primitieve streep.................................................................................................................................11

Wat is de functie van het notochord?................................................................................................................11

LES 3: AFWIJKINGEN.................................................................................................................................... 12

LES 4: Ontwikkeling tot de primitieve lichaamsvorm.....................................................................................13

Ontstaan coeloomholte......................................................................................................................................13

LES 5: Ontwikkeling gastro-intestinaal stelsel...............................................................................................14

Ontstaan van het filtrum....................................................................................................................................14

Ontstaan van de tanden en lippen.....................................................................................................................14

Ontstaan van het gehemelte..............................................................................................................................14

Ontstaan van de tong + thyroid + epiglottis.......................................................................................................15

Ontstaan sinus cervicalis....................................................................................................................................16

Ontstaan van het omentum majus en omentum minus....................................................................................16

Wat is een ansa umbilicalis?..............................................................................................................................17

Ontstaan van de pancreas..................................................................................................................................17

Ontstaan van de lever.........................................................................................................................................17

Ontwikkeling kieuwbogen..................................................................................................................................17

LES 5: AFWIJKINGEN.................................................................................................................................... 19



1

,LES 7: Ontwikkeling ademhalingsstelsel....................................................................................................... 21

Ontstaan van de neusopeningen, conchae en paranasale sinussen..................................................................21

Ontstaan van de trachea....................................................................................................................................21

Ontstaan van de longen.....................................................................................................................................22

LES 7: AFWIJKINGEN.................................................................................................................................... 23

LES 8: Placentatie......................................................................................................................................... 24

Bescherming en voeding.....................................................................................................................................24

Uterus.................................................................................................................................................................24

Implantatie.........................................................................................................................................................26

Placentatie..........................................................................................................................................................27

Embryonale aanhangsels....................................................................................................................................29

Navelstreng.........................................................................................................................................................30

LES 8: AFWIJKINGEN.................................................................................................................................... 31

LES 9: Ontwikkeling lichaamsholtes.............................................................................................................. 32

Ontstaan van het pericard..................................................................................................................................32

Ontstaan mediastinum.......................................................................................................................................32

Ontstaan mesenterium.......................................................................................................................................32

Ontstaan van het diafragma..............................................................................................................................32

LES 9: AFWIJKINGEN.................................................................................................................................... 34

LES 10: Zenuwstelsel.................................................................................................................................... 35

Oorsprong van de odontoblasten.......................................................................................................................35

Ontstaan van het reukepitheel...........................................................................................................................35

Ontwikkeling van de neurale buis......................................................................................................................35

Ontstaan van het ruggenmerg...........................................................................................................................36

Ontstaan van de ruggenmergvliezen.................................................................................................................36

Ontstaan leptomeninx........................................................................................................................................37

Ontstaan van de hersenblaasjes.........................................................................................................................37

Bespreek neurale lijstcellen................................................................................................................................38

LES 10: AFWIJKINGEN................................................................................................................................... 40

LES 11: Oog, oor en endocrinum................................................................................................................... 42

Ontstaan oog......................................................................................................................................................42

Ontstaan retina..................................................................................................................................................44

Ontstaan inwendig oor.......................................................................................................................................44

2

, Ontstaan middenoor..........................................................................................................................................44

Ontstaan buitenoor............................................................................................................................................44

Ontstaan adenohypofyse....................................................................................................................................45

Ontstaan neurhypofyse......................................................................................................................................45

Ontstaan bijschildklieren....................................................................................................................................46

LES 11: AFWIJKINGEN................................................................................................................................... 47

LES 12: Ontwikkeling cardiovasculair & lymfestelsel.....................................................................................48

Bespreek de embryonale bloedsomloop.............................................................................................................48

Ontstaan ductus venosus...................................................................................................................................49

Ontstaan hart.....................................................................................................................................................50

Ontwikkeling kieuwboogarteries........................................................................................................................50

Ontwikkeling inwendig hart...............................................................................................................................51

Prenatale en postnatale bloedsomloop..............................................................................................................52

Ontstaan vena cava cranialis.............................................................................................................................52

Ontstaan vena cava caudalis..............................................................................................................................52

Ontstaan vena hepaticae...................................................................................................................................53

Ontstaan tonsillen..............................................................................................................................................53

Ontstaan thymus................................................................................................................................................53

Ontstaan milt......................................................................................................................................................53

LES 12: AFWIJKINGEN................................................................................................................................... 55

LES 13: Ontwikkeling bewegingsstelsel......................................................................................................... 57

Bespreek bewegingsstelsel.................................................................................................................................57

Bespreek somieten..............................................................................................................................................57

Ontstaan mesenchym.........................................................................................................................................57

Ontstaan schedel................................................................................................................................................57

Ontstaan wervels................................................................................................................................................58

Ontstaan ribben..................................................................................................................................................58

Ontstaan sternum...............................................................................................................................................58

Ontstaan ledematen...........................................................................................................................................58

Ontstaan gewrichten..........................................................................................................................................58

Ontstaan spieren................................................................................................................................................59

LES 13: AFWIJKINGEN................................................................................................................................... 60

LES 14-15: Ontwikkeling urogenitaal stelsel.................................................................................................. 62


3

, Ontstaan bijnieren..............................................................................................................................................62

Ontstaan nieren..................................................................................................................................................62

Ontstaan urogenitale sinus................................................................................................................................63

Bespreek het SRY-gen.........................................................................................................................................64

Ontstaan gonaden..............................................................................................................................................64

Ontstaan mannelijk genitaal stelsel...................................................................................................................64

Ontstaan vrouwelijke genitaal stelsel................................................................................................................65

Ontstaan ophangbanden....................................................................................................................................66

Ontstaan uterus..................................................................................................................................................67

Ontstaan vagina.................................................................................................................................................67

Ontstaan externe genitalia.................................................................................................................................67

Bespreek de descensus testis..............................................................................................................................68

LES 14-15: AFWIJKINGEN.............................................................................................................................. 70

H16: Ontwikkeling integument..................................................................................................................... 72

Ontstaan epidermis en dermis............................................................................................................................72

Ontstaan (melk)klieren.......................................................................................................................................72

Ontwikkeling haar..............................................................................................................................................72

H16: AFWIJKINGEN...................................................................................................................................... 73




4

, LES 1: Inleiding & voortplanting
Wat is meiose? Geef de verschillen tussen mannelijke en
vrouwelijk individuen.
Meiose is een reductiedeling omdat tijdens de meiose de hoeveelheid chromosomen in de cellen
wordt gehalveerd. De cel zal van 2n (46 chromosomen) naar n (23 chromosomen) gaan. Meiose komt
enkel voor bij de geslachtscellen. Een oögonium, de voorloper cel van de eicel, zal uiteindelijk door
twee meiotische delingen van een diploïde cel naar 4 haploïde cellen gaan. Tijdens de 1 e meiotische
deling kan er crossing-over plaatsvinden waarbij DNA wordt uitgewisseld tussen twee homologe
chromosomen.

Mannelijke individuen
Bij mannelijke individuen duurt de spermatogenese 2 maanden en zal beginnen tijdens de puberteit.
Er wordt gestart met een spermatogonium (een ongedifferentieerde mannelijke kiemcel) die zich
door mitose tot primaire spermatocyt vormt. Vervolgens vormen door meiose 1 twee secundaire
spermatocyten die op hun beurt weer door meiose 2 tot 4 spermatiden vormen. Deze spermatiden
zullen door spermiogenese een vormverandering ondergaan (ze krijgen een flagel) en zo de
uiteindelijke spermatozoa vormen.




Vrouwelijke individuen
Bij vrouwelijke individuen begint de meiose al in het embryo in de baarmoeder. Hier zal meiose 1
starten vanuit de primaire oocyt en vervolgens op pauze gezet worden. Pas tijdens de eerste
ovulatie, in de puberteit, zal de meiose 1 afgerond worden waarbij een secundaire oocyt ontstaat.
Direct zal de meiose 2 starten, maar ook deze wordt gepauzeerd. Meiose 2 zal pas afgerond worden

5

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