Summary
Summary Brain And Behaviour (NWI-BB085C)
- Course
- Institution
Summary of the lectures and lecture slides of brain & behaviour with pictures/diagrams
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
lisavddries
Reviews received
Content preview
Brain & behaviour summaryL1 introduction
Central nervous system = CNS = brain + spinal chord
Peripheral nervous system = PNS = sensory receptors + neurons
Nervous system spatial scales:
• Nervous system
o Central nervous system = CNS = brain + spinal chord
o Peripheral nervous system = PNS = sensory receptors + neurons
• System: parallel computations
o nodes
• Map
o Sensory = sensors
o Motor = skeletal muscles
o Cognitive = space that surrounds us
• Network
• Neuron
o Dendrite
o Axon
o soma
• Synapse
o Chemical: neurotransmitters & receptors
o Electrical: channels & ions
• Molecule, ex. neurotransmitters
Brain regions = neurons that are functionally clustered or have the same cortical structure
Identification:
• MRI: more blood -> more oxygen -> neural activity
• PET = radioactive tracking in blood
• Nissl staining (post mortem): express proteins -> soma
,L2 introduction pt. 2
Neurons:
• Small soma, small projections = local connections
• Large soma = long distance connections
Synapses:
• Electrical = have pores that connect
neurons, directly transfer ions.
Bidirectional & fast. (b)
• Chemical = release vessels with
neurotransmitters to receptors.
Unidirectional. (a)
Not all neurotransmitters in vessel.
Neurotransmitter on receptor -> calcium influx
Neurotransmitters:
• Amino acids
o Glutamate
o Glycine
o GABA
• Amines
o Dopamine
o Acetylcholine
o Histamine
• Peptides
o Dynorphin
o enkephalins
Glial cells:
• Oligodendrocytes (CNS) = myelination
• Astrocytes (CNS) = support
• Schwann cells (PNS) = myelination
, L3 membrane potential
Bilipid membrane: hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails + 50% proteins (oa ion channels)
Permeable for small, non-charged molecules,
Impermeable for ions -> regulatable -> charge difference -> voltage
Trans membrane voltage = Vm
Voltage = difference in electrical potential between 2 points (inside vs outside of cell)
Measuring membrane potential:
• Microelectrode in cell, reference electrode outside cell -> toxic
• Patch clamping = glass pipette pops membrane -> can be done in vitro
Stimulating neuron = introduce current to cell -> changes membrane potential
Membrane potential is very local, around the cell membrane
Steady cell: negative charged inside = negative Vm
Ion pumps create & maintain concentration gradients of ions.
Sodium-potassium pump = 3x Na+ out, 2x K+ in -> makes less positive (more negative)
Makes Na+ abundant outside, K+ abundant inside
Always on, but is slow. Uses ATP
At rest: K+ channels open, Na+ channels closed
Chemical potential = diffusion because uneven concentrations (usually low outside)
Electrical potential = flux because uneven charge (usually inside negative)
If chemical potential is with ions, it can generate a voltage across the membrane and thus an
electrical potential. They will then move till they match one another.
Ions flow via ion channels:
• Always open = leak channels
• Gateable channels
o Voltage sensitive
o Ligand sensitive
𝑅𝑇 [𝑖𝑜𝑛]
Nernst Equation = 𝐸 = 𝑧𝐹
ln( [𝑖𝑜𝑛]𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑖𝑛
• Relation between chemical and electrical potential (= Nernst potential) for one ion
• When Vm = E, the is no flow over the membrane
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lisavddries. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.89. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
70055 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now