Fundamentals of Physiology and Anatomy of Homeostasis, Epithelial Cells and Muscle
5 views 0 purchase
Course
Fundamentals of Physiology and Anatomy
Institution
Kings College London (KCL)
Includes detailed notes on:
Lecture 3: Homeostasis and Physiological Control (Dr Greg Knock)
Lecture 4: Epithelial cells - (Dr Kosha Metha)
Lecture 5: Structure and development of the cardiovascular system - (Dr Esther Bell)
Lecture 6: Structure and function of Muscle cells - (Dr Kosha Mehta...
Important physiological variables
O2, CO2, pH, Blood Glucose, Osmomolarity (Na +, K+), Temperature
Homeostatic control: dynamic maintenance of physiological variables within a
predictable range. May fluctuate within a normal range but average will be
predictable.
- Short term -> Immediate survival
- Medium-long term -> Health and well-being, reproductive capability
Negative feedback: Change in variable is compared to a set point, causing a
response that brings it back to normal ranges. (Blood O 2 and CO2 content)
Different types include:
- Neuronal, usually involving the ANS (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
- Endocrine (hormonal)
- Local (chemical/physical)
When physiological circumstances change, set points may be overridden (Fever,
during exercise)
Feed-forward: Anticipation of a change brings about the response to that change
before the change can be detected by negative feedback sensors
Positive feedback: Change in a variable trigger a response that causes further
change in that variable (e.g., giving birth)
Consists of:
Sensors: detect changes in the physiological variable
Afferent Pathway: carry signals from sensors to integrating center
Integrating Centre: compares inputs from sensors against physiological
set-points and elicit a response
Efferent Pathway: carry signals from integrating centre to effectors
Effectors: produce a response that tends to normalize the physiological
variable
Hierarchy of importance: a variable that is of greater importance may be
maintained at the expense of other variables that are of importance at a longer
term.
Increased salt intake –> increased water intake –> plasma osmolarity
maintained at expense of higher MABP –> Hypertension
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller joharyantra. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.87. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.