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IB HL Biology topic 9 notes

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IB level summary notes which cover topic 9

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  • June 1, 2021
  • 9
  • 2019/2020
  • Interview
  • Unknown
  • Unknown
  • Secondary school
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Beistoo
plant
By A rat hi Anand

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9.1 Transport inthe xylem of plants

9. 2 Transport in the phloem of plants

9. 3 Growth in plants


9. 4 Reproduction in plants

, beauport in the xylem ofplants



Essential Idea : structure and function are correlated in the xylem of plan Is

Vascular plants have two types of transport tissue , xylem and phloem (to move . needed materials between specialized tissues .




Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from the stems and leaves of plants .





Light energy converts water in the leaves to vapor , which evaporates from the leaf via stomata .





New water is absorbed from the soil ( low ) and NOT ( high )
by the root ,
creating a di Frere rice in pressure between the lead


Water will flow
,
via the xylem, along the pressure gradient to replace the water lost from leaves (transpiration stream ).




Stomata are pore on the underside of the leak which facilitate
gas exchange ( needed for
photosynthesis )

As photosynthetic gas exchange requires stomata to be open , transpiration will be arrested
by the level of photosynthesis .





Hence, transpiration is an inevitable consequence of gas exchange in the tear .




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Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the leaves , stems and flowers? It is the movement of water vapour out the leaf and through the


stomata .




Evaporation :
occurs when some of the light energy absorbed by the leaf is convened to heat , thereby raising the temperature inside the leaf

changing the water into water vapour .




leaves called stomata


Majority of water lost during transpiration is
through openings on the bottom of the .





Transpiration at pull :
results when water evaporates from the leaves and stems More water is drawn up through the .
plant to replace the

water that is lost .




The loss of water generates negative pressure and transpirationat pull water molecules in the xylem

a a on .




Transpirationat Pull results from the combined forces of cohesion and adhesion

.
.




Water moves into the roots osmosis cell walls and through the cytoplasm because the concentration solutes inside
by through the of





the cells is greater than outside the root cells due to active transport of mineral and ions .




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xylem vessels are transport tissue found in vascular plants composed of a number

of different types of cell , including long , continuous , thin , usually dead cells .





cell walls are thickened to make the xylem vessels stronger .





The walls of the xylem are thickened and strengthened by a polymer lignin .





Lignin may be deposited in different ways such as rings or spiral .





since atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure inside the xylem vessels , the

ridged structure prevent them from collapsing .





The responsible for transport of water and soluble mineral nutrients the
xylem is the from


roots to the different pans of the plants that use water .





This also allows minerals absorbed from the soil to be transported through the xylem to the
leaves .

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