Summary
Summary Unit 3.1.1. - Atomic structure
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Detailed revision notes for AQA A Level chemistry - physical - 3.1.1. - atomic structure - electrons, protons, neutrons - history of an atom - mass spectrometry
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3.1.11 .FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES
relative mass relative charge RAM = E ( Ab F) x
+ I +I
Po E (Ab)
n l O
Hmo I
-
e
-
3.1.11 .
MASS NUMBER AND ISOTOPES
If isotope atoms of element with the
-
an same number of pt and
-
e i
-
"
but diff no .
of no -
same 2 ,
different A
A number 2 N isoelectronic the diff element have the
mass isotopes of an same
-
-
-
Z
proton (atomic number) Chem properties as they have the same of
-
-
.
no .
N neutron number outer shell
-
-
e in
-
physical properties slightly different depends of atom
•
on mass
-
-
MASS SPECTROMETRY
of
measures mass
single ion
-
fired from
"
high energy
"
at atom k necks off
- - -
l - IONIZATION 1
,
electron impact : e an e
gun ,
e
Xtlgl
-
Ngl →
te
problem : double ionization
fragmentation of bigger molecules
" "
c electron
spray
:
sample dissolved in volatile solution
.
,
"
needle connected to
capillary
"
-
sample is sprayed through fine
high voltage ; accepts pt
At Ht → Nyt
problem : mk -
-
H
accelerated to KE
by neg place travel down the tube
2. ACCELERATION :
ions Sarre .
,
¥
I
FL, ,
KE -
-
'
z
mv
'
V -
-
into tube
travel through hole
neg plate
t
3. DEFLECTION :
ions a in .
a
1- of depends on
velocity → which depends on mass
-
positively charged hits
neg plate
4. DETECTION ion
gains e
:
.
i
movement of conducts electrical current of current proportional
-
↳ e →
size to
abundance of an ion
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