Detailed summary notes for physical chemistry - 3.1.3. bonding.
includes:
- bonding - metallic, ionic, dative, covalent
- intermolecular forces
- table of shapes of molecules
- VSEPR
These study notes allowed me to get an A* at end of year 12 exams.
ionic
bonding involves electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged (in lattice)
=
ions a
oh:¥a¥ III
" "
Group I II IT I II III. VIII
polyatomic ions:
150nF
-
"
outer e- 1 2 varies
3 h 5 6 7 8 sulphate carbonate 110,1
"" "
"" gain gain gain
YE ✗ 101-11 INHult
lose / gain le
-
Ze
-
lose varies size
-
ie
-
✗
hydroxide "
ammonium
I +2 variable 1-3 ✗ -3 I I ✗ nitrate / NO )
charge
1- 1- -
-
,
EG : Kt a-
Nat a-
properties of 1. B. : •
high MPTEIBPT onanist
↳
charge density charge strong bonding i. lots of bonds lattice higher MPT , smaller ,
stronger i. bonds
•
in
-
-
,
surf area
COMPARING IONIC force of attraction determined lHAR6E & IONIC RADIUS
.
SUBSTANCES
by
•
:
( small
, highly charged
=
stronger ionic bonds than larger less charged )
ionic compounds & conductivity
}
in order to conduct
+ t
solid lattice the not free to
-
in a ions are move
1. There must be
charged particles
- t -
i. ionic solids poor conductors
are
1. They be
freely moving liquid / aqueous state the ions
+
must
+
in a are
-
freely moving i. GOOD CONDUCTORS
3.1.3.2 . COVALENT BONDING
shared between 1 atoms
pair of electrons
=
Iron metal + non -
metal)
CO ORDINATE -
(DATIVE) COVALENT BOND eg .
: NH, t 1-It >
NHI
dative covalent
pair of e- shared between 2 atoms fit
=
✗✗
, Cbotn e- from Nl
µ , µ ×
IY
. µ
Ht
¥ if
"
with both e-
- -
supplied by atom + >
*
one ;
-
+ +,
H
H covalent
1- Ill + Ci >
Alai
¥
,
3. 1.3.3 .
METALLIC BONDING
i'
involves attraction between delocalised e- Al
:( 1°
=
t
a- Aly,
,
and a- a'
'
positive ions
arranged in lattice a
- -
'
>
high MPT , BPT
metal lattice factors
affecting strength good conductors ( SOLID !)
-
Mg
it a-
-
: it >
.
"
-
,
kationic radius
bigger weaker Mtonds good conductors ( LIQUID)
it
-
t.eoesosstan.am pound :
non metal morons # oritswmpoma
aol.q.t.IE#
-
lots of
strong COVALENT
.
BONDS ,
. .
. •
-
. .
.
volatile
volatility
. .
:
non -
very HIGH BPTEIMPT large amounts of energy to overcome lots of
strong covalent bonds
-
malleability :
very hard and brittle
conductors
conductivity : non -
graphite freely moving delocalised between
-
has e layers i GOOD conductor
-
.
,
diamond freely moving delocalised conductor
-
-
wa e : non
i
-
solubility :
insoluble in all solvents
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller kalusovaelizabeth. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.32. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
