This is a summary of all content covered in Grade 12 Physical Science for Paper 2. Sections included are Organic Chemistry, Energy and Rates of Reaction, Equilibrium, Acids and Bases, Electrochemistry and Chemical Systems. The notes also include typical NSC exam questions, with detailed and unders...
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By: meganvermeulen04 • 3 year ago
By: Schalwyk95 • 2 year ago
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s
R
, C •· Ohl~ -Z.
U.l"\sotura-kd
1 1
let R. r-e-rresent o-e
AU<anes (-qne) .... •
A\\<enes (-e,ne) A\k~nes (-~ne)
• s ·,f"'8 \e \:,onds betwe.en c arbons • douG)e bonds 'oe..h,ue-e.n Ca.rbons • 6- i bond 5 be.b.JJEefl CQ r'ocns
r'e
• SQt:u,ctt:ed • UC\SClb.\ r Q \:e. q • u. n scrtu , o \::e..d
• non-r:::>o \ar • non-pol~r (<.,"- / R-z. • no n - r:,o la r
• I.MF • Irv\ f ( \J .d er WaQ \s Lorden)
• IMF ( V. der We10.1s London) (..=C "'- R4
( \J . ck,r \JJoa \s lo('()Cf)) /
3 [Cn B2.nl
\-\ 1--\ R1- C-=- C - Rz. ~11.a.diJ
I I
R, -c -c - ~2. fCnH2.n+E
I I
\--\ H ~se. ~r (qrbo~\ic acids (-oic. ac..·,d)
A\de h;1de:?. t- q l)
• c.onlqins Cqr bo1''j \ 5,ov p • (01"'\tG ;ns for rn~ \ ~roup
HQ\o Q\ ka nes I ,,,~~ \ m\ ;des • po\q, • po\q, _ 11 _ H
• I.Mf (l-\jdro3en - c- 0 -H • TMf- C
, 1 1. ~-...led
IOOi -o le
• n_q \03e.0 ~to('(' 6:, Idid ·;~c- bord,09)+vow ( v . J.er woe1,s d ·,po\e -d·,po\e)
sotu,oted C ot-o(Y) \ CL
'f.. = f!>\"
• 5\ ·15ht\3 )( i.
§) o fc'"'·H o + \ cpoffi t,0 ((f)_t\znOJ
C\ I
pa\q ];ii92.Q+:;1)1C.- ll
I '\
c,
; OH
7
K nrj ~l"IOi.: \<. \-\
,t\\COho\ s (-o I)
e con ·'t c1'1f\S V"l~drO)C.~\ 9rcA...q-:::. 1<.etanes (-00e)
f-:\ Este.rS (_-o qte)
• oo\or \-\- c-o- \-\ I Q • con\:Q'if'S co,\:x:Jnj \ 3r-oup
I I 0
• IMF H • con-ca 'ins _ C_ 0 _ _ I Il I
• p:ilo r -c-c-c-
(sb-onq 1-{~d ro3w 6ord d~ )+ \JD\N • ro\q f I 1 I
0 • 'J.,Mf
• satu. '-fct iied ,- - - = - Loncld\ • Ttv\f II woo. ls d ·,po\e - cL p<>1 e')
(\J-cter \}.}oals d;po,e-d-.po)e:, C l\J -de.r
R - OH [Gf\ 2."'+1O8] /
0
"'OR1. It
,:g;.v-ri..~O_J 'R, (,.
Cc; ~2coJ
p...( ~-z.
,Mo\ecu\qr formu~ ·. C\ d"'VY1iCq\ -fofYY"lu\q ~ot ,r-d,ccrteS U-e
type Of qtu('()s a.rd t\-e correct. nu rn ber
Of ea.ch ·in ci rro\ecu\e
Sbrvctu,C\ \ fo n-'<l U)q: ~}oAJS u._\,,ich qtorrs ore., qt~ ct--ed ·to
u_\-, ich \D iUn i n t\,-e rY"O \e cu\ e of ct co rY1 lx.u 0d
t\~c\rocaroan : or90.n1C CoNlpau(rjs ~ t cons ;s-l: of h~dro3en
q(\ci CC\rbon on~
t'\omo\03CUS Series : a. '5ef 'iE:'S Cf- o(sC10 iC compounds thcrt
con be. de. scr i6e8 6j ·tre_ SC\ nre 3e,ne-ct \
formu\.9
Sotura\:ed con1 P?u(lds : cor'f'lpaurds ·1n u.h\ch tl-e,re ctre no
IYl~\f ip\e bo i'\dS 6e~een C q wrns
·,n tre,ir h~drocct,bcn cr-o·,ns
e J /\;\kctnes
3
U0s C\ tu roted Coty, pounds : cornpou0ds with O0e or (Y)o,e
ntU\ ·bpk bonds be-twee{') C cd:e>rnS
in b,-.e,,i r h:3d rocarbon c,hq·, ns
~g] l\lkenes j A\ k~ ries
Func'tione\\ grou p:
I so!Y'lef"s : or,9q n \c (Y'O'U"\C\t have b---e s ct (Yle
\e cul-es
rv-u\€cu\o, ~rrnu\q bvlt c:L~t shucb.Jrq \
fo((YlU lq
L. o\so ca\\ed sbucturo \ isofY'E:r
, fund-1onq \ ;so rrer-s .- so.rre fY"'o\ecu lo r "f:)rmu )q , but
di-~ t fv1nct100~1 caroups
e.JJ \ _('("'€.tY"'o 00 q k
!Y'-e tl",j q nd
tv-a ro ,c C\ c:1d
C\r-a ·1n iSo(Y\efS: SClrY"'e rY'd\ecu\cir ~r-mu \o I
but- c\ ,ffen:0t
~pes of e,nq~ns
e5J bu\;ar'\e o0d 2- me. \J,1._~ \ 1=>ropq ne.
-Pos·1bonct \ iSOrners ·. sa~e IY'{)\ecu\qr fon--nu lei
but- I
d{~t pos·1bcns of h-e, s.ide chci;n,
subs;\:·, wents or funct-wn::il eir-oups
on Q-e.. ~rent- ~in
eaJ \ - chlo,cpropa0e and l-chkYopropane
but- 2-e.,ne., ctrd but -I - e.ne..
s rnai l\er (Y)onaner
q \a•~:ie- fY\ale.Cl,l\e composed of
Un ils cova \entl:j l::orded to eqch o"G€r in ct
re.pee1t,~ p::t~l:er-n
4 Now ,q I Po\~ l'Y'efS 4 ~nthe~,c... Pol1~mers
- f\q tu ro, \ mQ de, - rY'Clde
rnqn
- v~ \o.fge fY'Olecu\es - 9enera\~ C9 \led plosbcs
- n.atura \ ru'ober 1 wool, - ru\ ers, pocke ts ,
Si)\< b ott\es
?rimqr q\coho \ ·. ~\--..e carbon qttQcJ,.ed bo U-e -oH
23 fJ roup \S C\ ttocre d to l C\ \ \~ \ rou p s
Secondqr j a \coho\ ·. n to Z q Ik.~ \ g rcu ps
l( )I to
\E:,f t,(O Q_J q \coho I :
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