Summary
1.1C People in Groups Summary Problem 2
- Course
- Institution
This is a summary of the literature for problem 2 of the course People in Groups.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
elenakuhn
Content preview
Summaries Greenberg & Bystander Intervention in Emergencies1. When do people feel the responsibility to help others?
P1: Lantane & Darley’s cognitive model
Graziano (2007)
• Agreeableness is a good predictor of people’s general willingness to help
Altruistic personality
• Definition:
o Rushton 1981: engaging in helpful acts such as donating blood, etc.
o Eisenberg 1989: empathy & taking responsibility for the welfare of others
• Study by Knight 1994
o Grade-school children who generally felt sorry for others misfortune were more
likely to donate money to a burn unit
Individual differences
• People who identify themselves as being normal & helpful are generally more helpful
Political Values
• Political conservatives & liberals endorse different moral foundations
o Making them more or less likely to help depending on their moral interpretation of
the situation
Gender
• Study by Eagly & Crawley
o although women think of themselves as more helpful (survey), men are more likely
to help
• Men are more likely to help in situations where chivalrous behaviour is needed
• Women are more likely to volunteer their time for others
, Obstacles that prevent people from helping
• Self-concern
• Ambiguity: Does the victim really need help or is he just drunk?
• Lack of Competence: I am not trained to do this
• Audience inhibition: I will look like a fool
Biology & Evolution
• Evolutionary social psychology
o Views complex social behaviour as adaptive, helping the individual, kin & the species
as a whole to survive
• Jeffrey Stevens
o two reliable explanations of cooperative behaviour in animals & humans
§ mutualism: a defector will do worse than a co-operator-mindset
§ kin selection: helping spread own genes-mindset
• criticism: lack of convincing human evidence & limited attention given by evolutionary
theorists to the work of social learning theorists
• Buck & Ginsburg
o Altruistic gene = communicative gene
§ disposes animals & humans to communicate
Nature-nurture controversy
• classic debate: Why & when people help each other?
• Nature (genetic): biology & evolutionary theory
• Nurture (environmental factors): social learning theory
Bystander-calculus model (Jane Piliavin)
• Mixture of physiological processes & cognitive processes
• People intervene in an emergency because they find it unpleasantly arousing & they seek
relief
• Three stages/sets of calculations before we respond
1. Being physiologically aroused by another’s distress
2. Labelling arousal as an emotion
3. Evaluating the consequences of helping
Social learning theory (Albert Bandura 1973)
• Human social behaviour is not innate but learnt from appropriate models
• Learning by seen experience
o What happens to the model determines whether or not the observer will help
The impact of attribution
• Just-world hypothesis (Lerner & Miller): good things happen to good people, bad things
happen to bad people & I am a good person-mindset
• Two factor that convince a would-be helper
1. The victim is a special case rather than one of many
2. Need is temporary rather than persistent
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller elenakuhn. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.76. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now