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Organisational Culture & Decision Making
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Organisational Culture & Decision MakingBehaviour: It is about how we Relate to the World
We do not confront the world as a tabula rasa.
Note: tabula rasa is the idea that the mind in its hypothetical primary blank or empty state before
receiving outside impressions.
Letting go of the Tabula Rasa
Actually, we are born with many routines (i.e. behaviours) prewired in us (Kurzban, 2010).
This means we have natural ways to relate and confront the world (Bloom, 2013).
An example would be some of our heuristics.
Heuristics and Decision-Making
Heuristics are mental shortcuts, we use to make decisions (Mlodinow, 2008).
• Example, availability heuristic. We categorize something, and judge it based on the most
available memories of that type that we have.
• Example, peak-end effect. The peak-end theory is a psychological rule in which an
experience is evaluated and remembered based on the peak (most intense) point of the
experience and/or the ending of the experience.
• Example Anchoring Heuristic. The Anchoring Heuristic, also known as focalism, refers to the
human tendency to accept and rely on, the first piece of information received before making
a decision. That first piece of information is the anchor and sets the tone for everything that
follows. For example, if asked whether the population of Turkey was greater or less than 30
million, you might give one or other answer. If then asked what you thought the actual
population was, you would very likely guess somewhere around 30 million, because you
have been anchored by the previous answer.
Dual-process Theory (Evans, 2003)
When we’re making decisions, we use two different systems of thinking. Type 1 is our intuition or
gut-feeling: fast, automatic, emotional, and subconscious. Type 2 is slower and more deliberate:
consciously working through different considerations, applying different concepts and models and
weighing them all up.
• Type 1: Reflexive, Automatic, Instinctive, Rapid, Sub-systems, Innate, Associative, Heuristics,
Conscious Outcomes.
• Type 2: Reflective, Hypothetical, Reasoning, Planning, Slow.
Type 1 processing can lead to emotions and feelings of intuition which are conscious, even though
the underlying processing is not accessible. Type 2 processing is consciously accessible in part, but
invariably depends upon a number of rapid, unconscious support systems, such as those which
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