Samenvatting Ontwikkelingspsychopathologie bij kinderen en jeugdigen
Jakop Ritger en Malou van Hintum
Opleiding: Pedagogiek
Minor: Professioneel opvoeden
Februari – juli 2021
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1; Inleiding............................................................................................................................. 4
Culturele en maatschappelijke invloeden...........................................................................................6
Belangrijke begrippen......................................................................................................................... 7
Hoofdstuk 2; Classificatie....................................................................................................................... 8
DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders...........................................................9
Diagnostiek....................................................................................................................................... 10
Betrouwbaarheid en validiteit bij classificatie en diagnostiek............................................................12
Epidemiologie................................................................................................................................... 13
Belangrijke begrippen....................................................................................................................... 14
2, Hoofdstuk 3; Theorieën over ontwikkeling........................................................................................ 15
Risico en beschermende factoren.................................................................................................... 19
Riscofactoren.................................................................................................................................... 20
Risicofactoren................................................................................................................................... 21
Beschermende factoren.................................................................................................................... 22
Risicofactoren................................................................................................................................... 23
Beschermende factoren.................................................................................................................... 23
Hulpverlening.................................................................................................................................... 24
Hoofdstuk 3 in tien punten................................................................................................................ 25
Belangrijke begrippen....................................................................................................................... 26
3, Hoofdstuk 8. Autismespectrumstoornis............................................................................................ 27
Classificatie....................................................................................................................................... 28
Verklaringen van kenmerken van autisme........................................................................................ 29
Begeleiding aan kinderen met ASS.................................................................................................. 29
Kinderen met ASS iets leren, de valkuilen........................................................................................ 30
4, ADHD............................................................................................................................................... 30
Externaliserend problematiek........................................................................................................... 31
Kenmerken ADHD............................................................................................................................ 31
Diagnose ADHD volgens DSM-5...................................................................................................... 32
Vormen van ADHD........................................................................................................................... 33
Het effect op korte termijn van ADHD............................................................................................... 33
, Kenmerken van gezinnen met kinderen met ADHD.........................................................................33
Risicofactoren van ADHD................................................................................................................. 34
Medicatie & ADHD............................................................................................................................ 34
ADHD en Evidence Based werken................................................................................................... 34
ADHD en gedragstherapeutische behandeling.................................................................................35
5, Seksueel geweld bij jeugdigen.......................................................................................................... 35
De gevolgen van seksueel misbruik:................................................................................................ 36
Risicofactoren................................................................................................................................... 37
Jeugdigen met een beperking........................................................................................................... 37
Preventie........................................................................................................................................... 37
Gedragsregels jonge kinderen.......................................................................................................... 37
Wat is ‘normaal’ seksueel gedrag?................................................................................................... 37
Vlaggensysteem............................................................................................................................... 38
Kernpunten....................................................................................................................................... 38
Thema 6 KOPP/KOV............................................................................................................................ 39
Riscofactoren.................................................................................................................................... 39
Beschermende factoren.................................................................................................................... 40
Risico’s voor KOV-kinderen: FAS, foetaal alcohol syndroom...........................................................40
Doelstelling KOPP-groep.................................................................................................................. 40
Les 8, Angst.......................................................................................................................................... 40
Criteria van angststoornissen:.......................................................................................................... 41
Gewone angst onderscheiden van een angststoornis – criteria........................................................41
Overzicht van angst- en angstgerelateerde stoornissen DSM-5.......................................................41
Seperatieangststoornis (SAS)........................................................................................................... 43
Specifieke fobie................................................................................................................................ 43
Piekeren; GAS, generaliserend angst stoornis.................................................................................43
Sociale angststoornis (sociale fobie)................................................................................................ 43
Paniekstoornis.................................................................................................................................. 43
Obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis (OCS)......................................................................................... 44
Post Traumatische Stress Stoornis (PTSS)......................................................................................44
Differentiaal diagnose....................................................................................................................... 44
Het samengaan van stoornissen (comorbiditeit)...............................................................................44
Risicofactoren niveau van het kind................................................................................................... 45
Risicofactoren op het niveau van de omgeving................................................................................45
Beschermende factoren.................................................................................................................... 45
Behandeling...................................................................................................................................... 46
Cognitieve gedragstherapie bij angst................................................................................................ 46
Pedagogische adviezen.................................................................................................................... 47
,9, Hechting........................................................................................................................................... 47
Onderzoek Ainsworth....................................................................................................................... 48
Hechtingsstoornissen....................................................................................................................... 49
Hoe kan je het beste omgaan met een kind met een hechtingsstoornis?.........................................50
Tips afgestemd op verstandelijke beperking:....................................................................................50
10, Agressie en gedragsstoornissen..................................................................................................... 51
Disruptieve, impulsbeheersings- en andere gedragsstoornissen......................................................51
Kenmerken ODD (oppositionele uitdagende stoornis / Oppositional Defiant Disorder)....................52
Categorieën ODD............................................................................................................................. 52
Kenmerken Norm overschrijdend-gedragsstoornis (CD)..................................................................52
Verschillen ODD en CD.................................................................................................................... 53
Verschillen jongens-meisjes............................................................................................................. 53
Comorbiditeit..................................................................................................................................... 54
Risicofactoren op niveau van het kind.............................................................................................. 54
Risicofactoren op niveau van ouder/gezin........................................................................................ 54
Risicofactoren omgeving................................................................................................................... 54
Beschermingsfactoren...................................................................................................................... 55
Traject van gedragsstoornis naar depressie.....................................................................................55
Behandeling...................................................................................................................................... 55
11, Stemmingsstoornissen / depressie................................................................................................. 56
Stemmingsstoornissen in de DSM-5;................................................................................................ 56
Kernsymptomen Depressie (Major Depressive Disorder).................................................................56
Kenmerken depressie:...................................................................................................................... 56
Mogelijke gevolgen stemmingsstoornis............................................................................................ 57
Risicofactoren op kind niveau:.......................................................................................................... 57
Risicofactoren ouders en gezin niveau............................................................................................. 57
Risicofactoren omgeving................................................................................................................... 58
Beschermende factoren.................................................................................................................... 58
Persisterende depressieve stoornis: Dysthyme stoornis..................................................................58
Bipolaire-I-stoornis (Manisch depressief).......................................................................................... 59
Invloed ouders – kind (vica versa).................................................................................................... 59
Verschillen tussen jongens en meisjes............................................................................................. 59
Kwetsbaarheidsstressmodel............................................................................................................. 60
Hoe kan je een depressie signaleren?.............................................................................................. 60
Behandeling...................................................................................................................................... 61
Benoemen.................................................................................................................................... 61
Concretiseren............................................................................................................................... 61
Veiligheid...................................................................................................................................... 61
, Versterken.................................................................................................................................... 61
Direct hulp verlenen...................................................................................................................... 61
In paniek raken............................................................................................................................. 61
Meepraten/instemmen.................................................................................................................. 61
De zonnige kant van het leven laten zien.....................................................................................62
In het gesprek een oordeel vellen................................................................................................. 62
Snel adviseren.............................................................................................................................. 62
12, Eetstoornissen................................................................................................................................ 62
Eetstoornissen.................................................................................................................................. 63
Begrippen......................................................................................................................................... 64
Behandeling obesitas....................................................................................................................... 64
Behandeling Anorexia nervosa......................................................................................................... 64
Behandeling Boulimia nervosa............................................................................................................. 65
Psycho -> mentale vermogens van de mens.
Patho’s -> Pijn, lijden.
Logie-> de leer van
Psychopathologie -> de leer / de wetenschap van het psychisch lijden.
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