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Summary lecture 3: muscle tissue (histology)
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Summary of lecture 3: muscle tissue, that helped me pass the course with a 8,5!
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Muscle tissue (Martini Chpt 4 (4-9),Chpt 10 (10-1 to 10-4) and (10-9 to 10-10)) Able to recognize and name different types of muscle tissue
Able to explain the relation between shape and function for different types of muscle, and
associated connective tissue.
Able to explain how different types of muscle
tissue are innervated and contract.
Able to name the characteristics and
function of different type of muscle cells.
Three types of muscle tissue:
- Skeletal muscle tissue
- Smooth muscle tissue
- Cardiac muscle tissue
Each muscle cell is surrounded by a basal lamina,
and against that a thin layer of reticular connective
tissue (collagen type III).
Skeletal Composed of fused cells so contain a lot of nuclei, these fused cells form the muscle fibers:
muscle multinuclear, variable in length.
tissue Three types:
- Red muscle: slow, long, and deep contraction, red because of myoglobin, example back
muscle.
- White muscle: fast contraction, not able to contract continuously, e.g. eye muscle. Is
white because it lacks myoglobin.
- Intermediate: characteristic of both: most common.
Epimysium = connective tissue on the
outside of the muscle
Perimysium: connective tissue
surrounding an bundle.
Endomysium = connective tissue that
connect fibers (so surround fibers)
(basal lamina + reticular connective
tissue).
Skeletal
muscle fiber
Striation of
, muscle
Contracting
unit = the
sarcomere
Contracting
elements =
myofibrils,
containing
actin and
myosin
Movement =
sliding
filament-
theory of
Huxley
Blue = myosin
Red = actin
Contracting Thin filaments exists of 3 proteins:
elements - actin
- tropomyosin: round actin
Myofibril contains: filaments
Thick filament =
myosin - Troponin: 3 subunits:
Thin filament = TnT: binds tropomyosin
actin TnC: binds Ca2+ ions
Tnl: inhibits interaction between actin
and myosin.
Contraction Relaxed muscle: ATP is bound to heads of myosin
mechanism molecules. These heads have ATPase activity, however
only when actin is associated with myosin. In relaxed
muscle, this is prevented by TnI
Activation mucle: stimulation: influx of calcium ions
Binding of Ca2+ by TnC induces a conformational change,
making interaction between myosin and actin possible.
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