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Samenvatting Hoofdlijnen Nederlands recht, HBO Rechten/ SJD (1745)
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Samenvatting Hoofdlijnen Nederlands recht, behalve hoofdstuk 6.
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InhoudHoofdstuk 1. Terreinverkenning.............................................................................................................8
1.1 Is recht saai?.................................................................................................................................8
1.2 Waarom recht?.............................................................................................................................8
1.3 Waar vinden we het recht?..........................................................................................................8
1.3.1 Wet........................................................................................................................................8
1.3.2 Verdrag................................................................................................................................13
1.3.3 Jurisprudentie......................................................................................................................13
1.3.4 Gewoonte............................................................................................................................15
1.4 Enkele onderscheidingen binnen het recht................................................................................15
1.4.2 Objectief en subjectief recht................................................................................................15
1.4.3 Privaat en publiekrecht........................................................................................................16
Hoofdstuk 2. Verbintenissenrecht – de overeenkomst........................................................................17
2.1 Praktijkvoorbeelden....................................................................................................................17
2.2 Wanneer ontstaat er een overeenkomst....................................................................................17
2.3 En toch geen overeenkomst?.....................................................................................................18
2.3.1 ‘Mijn wil was niet overeenkomstig mijn verklaring’.............................................................18
2.3.2 ‘Mijn wil was gebrekkig gevormd’.......................................................................................19
2.3.3 Overeenkomst is in strijd met de wet, goede zeden of openbare orde...............................20
2.3.4 ‘Ik ben handelingsonbekwaam’...........................................................................................21
2.4 Welke inhoud heeft een overeenkomst?....................................................................................23
2.4.1 Hetgeen partijen overeenkomen.........................................................................................23
2.4.2 Wet......................................................................................................................................23
2.4.3 Gewoonte............................................................................................................................24
2.4.4 Redelijkheid en billijkheid....................................................................................................24
2.5 Men komt niet na wat is afgesproken........................................................................................25
2.5.1 Nakoming (met aanvullende schadevergoeding).................................................................25
2.5.2 Vervangende schadevergoeding..........................................................................................25
2.5.3 Aanvullende schadevergoeding...........................................................................................27
2.5.4 Ontbinding (met aanvullende schadevergoeding)...............................................................27
2.5.5 Vervangende en aanvullende schadevergoeding................................................................28
2.5.6 Overzicht rechten van crediteur bij niet-nakoming door debiteur......................................28
2.6 Opschortingsrechten..................................................................................................................28
2.6.1 Exceptio non adimpleti contractus......................................................................................28
2.6.2 Onzekerheidsexceptie..........................................................................................................29
, 2.6.3 Recht van retentie...............................................................................................................29
2.7 Beëindiging en opzegging...........................................................................................................29
Hoofdstuk 3. De arbeidsovereenkomst en de koopovereenkomst.......................................................30
3.1 Het bijzondere van de arbeidsovereenkomst en de koopovereenkomst ..................................30
3.3 Koopovereenkomst....................................................................................................................30
3.3.1 Definitie van koop................................................................................................................30
3.3.2 Handelskoop en consumentenkoop....................................................................................30
3.3.3 Verplichtingen van de verkoper...........................................................................................31
3.3.5 Verplichten van de koper.....................................................................................................31
3.3.5 Risico van beschadiging en vernietiging...............................................................................32
3.3.6 Recht van reclame...............................................................................................................32
3.3.7 Koop op proef......................................................................................................................32
3.3.8 Algemene voorwaarden.......................................................................................................33
Hoofdstuk 4. Verbintenissenrecht – de onrechtmatige en rechtmatige daad......................................33
4.1 Rechtsgrond schadevergoeding..................................................................................................33
4.2 Wat te bewijzen?........................................................................................................................34
4.2.1 Onrechtmatigheid van de daad...........................................................................................34
4.2.2 Toerekening.........................................................................................................................35
4.2.3 Schade.................................................................................................................................35
4.2.4 Causaal verband...................................................................................................................36
4.3 Verweermiddelen gedaagde.......................................................................................................36
4.3.1 Rechtvaardigingsgrond........................................................................................................36
4.3.2 Relativiteitsvereiste.............................................................................................................36
4.4 Omvang van de schade...............................................................................................................37
4.5 Andere vorderingen dan schadevergoeding...............................................................................37
4.6 Risicoaansprakelijkheid voor andere personen..........................................................................37
4.6.1 Ouders/voogden ten opzichte van hun kinderen................................................................38
4.6.3 Werkgevers ten opzichte van hun werknemers...................................................................38
4.6.3 Producenten van gebrekkige producten..............................................................................38
4.6.2 Andere vormen van risicoaansprakelijkheid........................................................................39
4.7 Rechtmatige daad.......................................................................................................................39
4.7.1 Zaakwaarneming..................................................................................................................39
4.7.2 Onverschuldigde betaling....................................................................................................39
4.7.3 Ongerechtvaardigde verrijking............................................................................................40
Hoofdstuk 5. Goederenrecht................................................................................................................40
5.1 Onderscheid tussen verbintenissenrecht en goederenrecht......................................................40
, 5.2 Absoluut en relatief recht...........................................................................................................40
5.3 Goed, zaak en (vermogens)recht................................................................................................40
5.4 Uitwerking absoluut recht..........................................................................................................41
5.5 Absolute rechten........................................................................................................................41
5.5.1 Eigendom.............................................................................................................................41
5.5.2 Erfdienstbaarheid................................................................................................................42
5.5.3 Erfpacht...............................................................................................................................42
5.5.4 Opstal...................................................................................................................................43
5.5.5 Appartementsrecht..............................................................................................................43
5.5.6 Recht van vruchtgebruik......................................................................................................43
5.5.7 Pandrecht............................................................................................................................43
5.5.8 Recht van hypotheek...........................................................................................................44
5.5.9 Recht voor voortbrengen van de geest (rechten op immateriële goederen).......................44
5.6 Enkele kenmerken verbonden aan absolute rechten.................................................................44
5.7 Enkele onderscheidingen............................................................................................................45
5.8 (Eigendoms)overdracht..............................................................................................................46
5.9 Bescherming tegen beschikkingsonbevoegdheid.......................................................................47
Hoofdstuk 7. Ondernemingsrecht........................................................................................................48
7.1 Ondernemingsvormen................................................................................................................48
7.2 Handelsregister...........................................................................................................................48
7.3 Eenmanszaak..............................................................................................................................48
7.4 Personenvernnootschappen: de maatschap (personenassociaties)...........................................49
7.4.1 Beheersdaden en beschikkingshandelingen........................................................................49
7.4.2 Aansprakelijkheid van de maten..........................................................................................49
7.4.3 Privé- en maatschapsvermogen...........................................................................................49
7.5 Personenvennootschappen: de vennootschap onder firma (personenassociaties)...................50
7.6 Personenvennootschappen: de commanditaire vennootschap (personenassociaties)..............50
7.7 Rechtspersonen: de nv...............................................................................................................50
7.7.1 Oprichting van een nv..........................................................................................................51
7.7.2 De nv i.o...............................................................................................................................51
7.7.3 Verhoudingen binnen de nv.................................................................................................51
7.7.4 Aandelen en aandeelhouders van de nv..............................................................................52
7.7.5 Bestuur................................................................................................................................53
7.7.6 Raad van Commissarissen....................................................................................................53
7.8 Rechtspersonen: de bv en de verschillen met de nv...................................................................54
7.9 Rechtspersonen: de structuurvennootschap..............................................................................54
, 7.10 Rechtspersonen: de stichting en vereniging.............................................................................55
7.11 Andere rechtspersonen............................................................................................................56
7.12 Wet op de ondernemingsraden................................................................................................56
7.13 Recht van enquête....................................................................................................................56
7.14 Jaarrekening.............................................................................................................................57
Hoofdstuk 8. Burgerlijk procesrecht.....................................................................................................57
8.1 Inschakeling van de rechter........................................................................................................57
8.2 Rechterlijke organisatie..............................................................................................................57
8.2.1 De rechtbank: de kantonrechter (sector civiel)....................................................................57
8.2.2..............................................................................................................................................58
8.2.3 Het gerechtshof...................................................................................................................59
8.2.4 De Hoge Raad......................................................................................................................59
8.3 Absolute en relatieve bevoegdheid............................................................................................59
8.4 Enkele beginselen van burgerlijk procesrecht............................................................................60
8.4.1 De civiele rechter is in vergaande mate lijdelijk...................................................................60
8.4.2 Verplichte procesvertegenwoordiging.................................................................................60
8.4.3 Beide partijen worden gehoord...........................................................................................61
8.4.4 De behandeling van een zaak is openbaar...........................................................................61
8.5 Civiele procedure: feitelijke gang van zaken...............................................................................61
8.6 Dagvaarding en verzoekschrift....................................................................................................62
8.7 Rechtsmiddelen..........................................................................................................................62
8.7.1 Verzet..................................................................................................................................62
8.7.2 Hoger beroep.......................................................................................................................63
8.7.3 Cassatie................................................................................................................................63
8.7.4 Art. 81 RO en het stellen van prejudiciële vragen................................................................63
8.7.5 Gevolg instellen rechtsmiddel.............................................................................................63
8.8 Buitengewoon rechtsmiddel: cassatie in het belang der wet.....................................................64
8.9 Kort geding.................................................................................................................................64
Hoofdstuk 9. Staatsrecht (publiekrecht)...............................................................................................64
9.1 Staat............................................................................................................................................64
9.2 Spreiding van macht: Montesquieu............................................................................................65
9.3 Spreiding van macht: decentralisatie..........................................................................................65
9.4 Organen van de centrale overheid.............................................................................................65
9.4.1 Staten-Generaal...................................................................................................................65
9.4.2 Regering...............................................................................................................................67
9.4.3 Minister...............................................................................................................................68
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