lOMoARcPSD|5926221
Kinesiology 1070 Notes
Kinesiology (The University of Western Ontario)
,StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
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Rehabilitation Psychology
→ Which people in society are most likely to injure themselves, especially in athletes?
→ Is there a possibility for you to intervene in order to help them or possibly prevent them from
injuring themselves?
,Response to Treatment: The Placebo Effect
Used to look at the improvements in health that aren’t attributable to treatment ズ Psychological
theory: belief in treatment or subjective feeling of improvement ズ Critical factor: the
psychological perspective is that the belief that the treatment will improve their condition/pain
Evidence of the placebo effect:
ズ When patients are told a medication they are receiving is a placebo as a method of treatment,
the patient may still experience an ease of symptoms and pain
Attenuate: the effects still exist but are not as strong when a patient know they are taking a placebo.
The effects are still there even though they know they are receiving a placebo
ズ Placebos can result in the brain releasing endogenous opioids or endorphins that reduce pain
thus when a person believes they are receiving a treatment to reduce pain which is actually a
placebo, their brain still responds by releasing pain reducing chemicals
ズ Central nervous system triggers physical reactions in the body which reduce stress and promote
healing as a result
o There are two pathways: Brain or the CNS that show us the placebos have an actual and
real affect
1
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J. Bruce Mosely – A Controlled Trial of Arthroscopic Surgery for Osteoporosis of the Knee
, ズ Patients that suffered from osteoarthritis (the breakdown of cartilage in the joints) in the knee
received arthroscopic surgery to remove the damaged cartilage (debridement) or flushed out (lavage)
with the aid of a viewing scope a common option
ズ Used a placebo surgery as well as both treatments to determine whether it was the patient’s
expectancy that the treatment would improve their condition or if it was the actual treatment – results
were measured over two years to determine the effectiveness of the treatment
ズ Placebo group compared to the patients that had received the actual treatments demonstrated that
they experienced a decrease in pain similar to the patients that had received the actual treatment
o There was a decrease in the walking/bending scale and the result
ズ Summary: patients feel less pain and can function better due to the placebo effect not the surgery
ズ Implications:
o Ethical: the deceit of sham (fake) surgery vs. false benefits of the actual surgery – is it ethically right
to do a treatment that is considered fake but has real results
o Insurance: should the insurance companies continue to cover the cost of the surgery even though it
is a sham and the results are based on the patient’s beliefs?
Treatment is not the sole contribution to feeling better, it is a combination of treatment and the
patient’s belief that it will work
Important Message: Placebo’s are very powerful!
Injury Prediction
In order to help with recover process after an injury has occurred, there is a need for physiotherapists,
kinesiologists etc. in order to help them heal thus resulting in a large amount of government money to
be used
ズ This poses the question: is there a way to identify a possible injury in order to prevent it from
occurring?
It is important that we look at the methods that could be used to prevent injury – this is done through a
number of different methods
ズ Role of Psychology: lack of confidence, stress, lack of focus on the task, unaware of their
alignment/positioning and not listening the signals their body is sending (pain) play a large role in the
result of an injury
Curt Luwen: ‘there is nothing more practical than good theory’ however it could be taken as ‘if the
theory is easy to understand, then there is no other practical way to learn’
2
Downloaded by Sabrina Torres ()
lOMoARcPSD|5926221
Kinesiology 1070 Notes
Kinesiology (The University of Western Ontario)
,StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
lOMoARcPSD|5926221
Downloaded by Sabrina Torres ()
Rehabilitation Psychology
→ Which people in society are most likely to injure themselves, especially in athletes?
→ Is there a possibility for you to intervene in order to help them or possibly prevent them from
injuring themselves?
,Response to Treatment: The Placebo Effect
Used to look at the improvements in health that aren’t attributable to treatment ズ Psychological
theory: belief in treatment or subjective feeling of improvement ズ Critical factor: the
psychological perspective is that the belief that the treatment will improve their condition/pain
Evidence of the placebo effect:
ズ When patients are told a medication they are receiving is a placebo as a method of treatment,
the patient may still experience an ease of symptoms and pain
Attenuate: the effects still exist but are not as strong when a patient know they are taking a placebo.
The effects are still there even though they know they are receiving a placebo
ズ Placebos can result in the brain releasing endogenous opioids or endorphins that reduce pain
thus when a person believes they are receiving a treatment to reduce pain which is actually a
placebo, their brain still responds by releasing pain reducing chemicals
ズ Central nervous system triggers physical reactions in the body which reduce stress and promote
healing as a result
o There are two pathways: Brain or the CNS that show us the placebos have an actual and
real affect
1
Downloaded by Sabrina Torres ()
lOMoARcPSD|5926221
J. Bruce Mosely – A Controlled Trial of Arthroscopic Surgery for Osteoporosis of the Knee
, ズ Patients that suffered from osteoarthritis (the breakdown of cartilage in the joints) in the knee
received arthroscopic surgery to remove the damaged cartilage (debridement) or flushed out (lavage)
with the aid of a viewing scope a common option
ズ Used a placebo surgery as well as both treatments to determine whether it was the patient’s
expectancy that the treatment would improve their condition or if it was the actual treatment – results
were measured over two years to determine the effectiveness of the treatment
ズ Placebo group compared to the patients that had received the actual treatments demonstrated that
they experienced a decrease in pain similar to the patients that had received the actual treatment
o There was a decrease in the walking/bending scale and the result
ズ Summary: patients feel less pain and can function better due to the placebo effect not the surgery
ズ Implications:
o Ethical: the deceit of sham (fake) surgery vs. false benefits of the actual surgery – is it ethically right
to do a treatment that is considered fake but has real results
o Insurance: should the insurance companies continue to cover the cost of the surgery even though it
is a sham and the results are based on the patient’s beliefs?
Treatment is not the sole contribution to feeling better, it is a combination of treatment and the
patient’s belief that it will work
Important Message: Placebo’s are very powerful!
Injury Prediction
In order to help with recover process after an injury has occurred, there is a need for physiotherapists,
kinesiologists etc. in order to help them heal thus resulting in a large amount of government money to
be used
ズ This poses the question: is there a way to identify a possible injury in order to prevent it from
occurring?
It is important that we look at the methods that could be used to prevent injury – this is done through a
number of different methods
ズ Role of Psychology: lack of confidence, stress, lack of focus on the task, unaware of their
alignment/positioning and not listening the signals their body is sending (pain) play a large role in the
result of an injury
Curt Luwen: ‘there is nothing more practical than good theory’ however it could be taken as ‘if the
theory is easy to understand, then there is no other practical way to learn’
2
Downloaded by Sabrina Torres ()
lOMoARcPSD|5926221
