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Samenvatting Psychologie (HSH90A)
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Mens, samenleving en economiePsychologie – ‘Mensen zijn niet zo
rationeel als we soms wel denken’
Schakelprogramma Handelswetenschapen KUL Campus Brussel
Academiejaar 2020 - 2021
Onderdeel Psychologie
Prof. Anja Van den Broeck
1
,Contents
0. Overzicht leerinhouden Keuze............................................................................................................5
1. Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................5
1.1. Jouw keuzes.................................................................................................................................5
1.2. Keuze alomtegenwoordig............................................................................................................6
1.3. Keuze...........................................................................................................................................7
1.3.1. Individuele welzijn................................................................................................................7
1.3.2. Welzijn van de maatschppij..................................................................................................7
2. Hoe kiezen we?...................................................................................................................................7
2.1. Rationele keuze theorie...............................................................................................................7
2.1.1. Klassieke economische visie – keuzetheorie.........................................................................7
2.2. Maar…..........................................................................................................................................8
3. Behavioral economics.........................................................................................................................9
3.0. Inleding........................................................................................................................................9
3.1. Relativiteit....................................................................................................................................9
3.1.1. Inleiding................................................................................................................................9
3.1.2. Het idee..............................................................................................................................10
3.1.3. Voorbeeldonderzoek..........................................................................................................10
3.1.4. Nuancering.........................................................................................................................11
3.1.5. Voorbeelden uit het dagelijkse leven..................................................................................11
3.2. Ankers........................................................................................................................................13
3.2.1. Inleiding..............................................................................................................................13
3.2.2. Idee.....................................................................................................................................13
3.2.3. Voorbeeldonderzoek..........................................................................................................14
3.2.4. Ankers en waarden: voorbeeld...........................................................................................14
3.3. Emoties kleuren beslissingen.....................................................................................................15
3.3.1. Idee.....................................................................................................................................15
3.3.2. Onderzoek..........................................................................................................................16
3.3.3. Implicaties...........................................................................................................................17
3.4. Diversificatie bias.......................................................................................................................18
3.4.1. Inleiding..............................................................................................................................18
3.4.2. Idee.....................................................................................................................................19
3.4.3. Onderzoek..........................................................................................................................19
3.4.4. Voorbeelden.......................................................................................................................20
3.5. Pro-castrinatie...........................................................................................................................21
2
, 3.6. Conclusie...................................................................................................................................21
4. Paradox Of Choice............................................................................................................................21
4.0. Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................21
4.1. Verlamming...............................................................................................................................22
4.1.1. Grote keuzes.......................................................................................................................22
4.1.2. Kleine keuzes......................................................................................................................23
4.1.3. Discussievraag.....................................................................................................................23
4.1.4. Implicaties voor management............................................................................................23
4.1.5. Conclusie.............................................................................................................................24
4.2. Onvrede.....................................................................................................................................24
4.3. Processen...................................................................................................................................25
4.4. Gevolgen....................................................................................................................................25
4.4.1. Individueel vlak (keuzen op individueel niveau).................................................................25
4.4.2. Organisationeel vlak (keuzes maken op management-vlak)...............................................29
4.4.3. Maatschappelijk vlak..........................................................................................................30
4.4.4. Verder lezen........................................................................................................................30
4.5. Oefeningen................................................................................................................................30
1. Hoe komt menselijk gedrag tot stand?.............................................................................................32
1.1. Gedragsdeterminanten..............................................................................................................32
1.2. Verschillende complementaire visies........................................................................................32
1.3. Organisatiegedrag......................................................................................................................33
2. Waarom mensen belonen om hun gedrag te beïnvloeden?.............................................................34
2.1. Waarom belonen – tegenstrijdige visies....................................................................................34
2.1.1. Theorieën uit management................................................................................................34
2.1.2. Theorieën uit psychologie...................................................................................................35
2.2. Gerelateerde mensbeelden.......................................................................................................36
2.3. Tweefactoren theorie van Herzberg..........................................................................................37
3. Waarmee belonen? (56:06)..............................................................................................................38
3.1. Extrinsieke beloningen...............................................................................................................38
3.1.1. Bekrachtigingstheorie (Skinner)..........................................................................................38
3.1.2. Crowding-out effect (bonussen en motivatie)....................................................................40
3.2. Intrinsieke motivatie..................................................................................................................42
3.2.1. Taakkenmerkenmodel (Hackman & Oldham).....................................................................42
3.3. Visie van de zelf-determinatie theorie.......................................................................................44
3.3.1. Theorie................................................................................................................................45
3.3.2. Soorten motivatie volgens ZDT...........................................................................................45
3
, 3.3.3. Soorten motivatie...............................................................................................................45
3.3.4. Autonome motivatie stimuleren.........................................................................................57
3.4. Voorlopige conclusie..................................................................................................................58
4. Oefeningen in de les.........................................................................................................................59
4
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