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Samenvatting Juridische bronnen, Christophe Baekeland
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Samenvatting Juridische bronnen
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Inhoud1. het begrip ‘recht’...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Objectief recht.................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 Objectief recht nader toegelicht................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Subjectief recht................................................................................................................................... 8
2. Doel van het recht.................................................................................................................................. 10
2.1 Verschillende doelen mogelijk.......................................................................................................... 10
3. Het recht in zijn context.......................................................................................................................... 11
4. Indeling van het recht............................................................................................................................. 12
4.1 Gemeen recht en bijzonder recht...................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Dwingend recht en aanvullend recht................................................................................................ 13
4.3 Materieel en formeel recht............................................................................................................... 14
5. Rechtstakken.......................................................................................................................................... 15
................................................................................................................................................................ 15
5.1 Internationaal recht.......................................................................................................................... 16
5.1.1 Internationaal recht: algemeen.................................................................................................. 16
5.1.2 Internationaal recht: het verdragsrecht.....................................................................................16
5.1.3 Internationaal recht: het Europees recht...................................................................................16
5.1.4 Internationaal recht: het humanitair recht.................................................................................16
5.2 Nationaal recht................................................................................................................................. 17
5.2.1 Nationaal recht: Publiek recht.................................................................................................... 17
6. De bronnen van het recht: algemeen.................................................................................................. 20
7. Interpretatie van rechtsregels................................................................................................................. 25
7.1 Exegetische interpretatie.................................................................................................................. 25
7.2 Systematische of logische interpretatie............................................................................................ 25
7.3 Wets- en rechtshistorische interpretatief.......................................................................................... 25
7.4 Teleologische of doelgerichte interpretatie......................................................................................25
7.5 Sociologische of evolutieve interpretatie..........................................................................................26
7.6 Analogische interpretatie.................................................................................................................. 26
7.7 Protectionistische interpretatie......................................................................................................... 26
8. De federale staat en zijn rechtsbronnen................................................................................................. 27
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, 1. De grondwet....................................................................................................................................... 27
1.1 Corrigeren van de Grondwet........................................................................................................ 27
1.2 Interpreteren van de grondwet.................................................................................................... 27
1.3 Wijzigen van de Grondwet........................................................................................................... 27
1.4 Materiële en formele grondwet.................................................................................................... 28
2. Bijzondere wetten............................................................................................................................... 28
3. De federale wet (in formele zin)......................................................................................................... 29
3.1 Wetgevende procedure................................................................................................................ 29
3.2 Communautaire alarmbelprocedure............................................................................................ 30
4. Besluitwetten..................................................................................................................................... 31
5. Koninklijk besluit................................................................................................................................ 31
6. Ministerieel besluit 7. Ministeriële omzendbrief................................................................................. 31
9. De gewesten en gemeenschappen en hun rechtsbronnen......................................................................35
10. De lokale besturen en hun rechtsbronnen............................................................................................ 40
11. De internationale rechtsorde en haar rechtsbronnen...........................................................................41
1. Primair internationaal recht................................................................................................................ 41
2. Secundair internationaal recht........................................................................................................... 42
3. Enkele internationale organisaties...................................................................................................... 44
3.1 De Verenigde Naties...................................................................................................................... 44
3.2 zes bestuursorganen.................................................................................................................... 44
3.3 Andere internationale rechtscolleges............................................................................................ 46
4. Europese rechtsbronnen..................................................................................................................... 47
4.1 Primair europees recht.................................................................................................................. 47
4.2 Secundair Europees recht.............................................................................................................. 48
4.3 Rechtspraak.................................................................................................................................. 48
4.4 Rechtsleer.................................................................................................................................... 48
5. Enkele instellingen van de Europese Unie........................................................................................... 48
5.1 Het Europees Parlement............................................................................................................... 48
5.2 De Europese Raad......................................................................................................................... 49
5.3 De Raad van de EU....................................................................................................................... 49
5.4 De Europese Commissie............................................................................................................... 49
5.5 De Europese rechtscolleges.......................................................................................................... 49
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, 5.6 De Europese Centrale Bank.......................................................................................................... 50
5.7 De Europese Investeringsbank..................................................................................................... 50
5.8 De Europese Rekenkamer............................................................................................................. 51
12. Wetsconflicten en de hiërarchie der normen........................................................................................ 52
12.1 Een hiërarchisch conflict................................................................................................................. 52
12.2 Een bevoegdheidsconflict............................................................................................................... 54
12.3 Een conflict tussen de wetten in de tijd.......................................................................................... 54
12.4 Een conflict tussen wetten van verschillende staten.......................................................................54
13. De rechterlijke macht en andere rechtscolleges...................................................................................56
13.1 De gerechtelijke procedure............................................................................................................. 56
13.1.1 De Balie.................................................................................................................................... 56
13.1.2 De Magistratuur...................................................................................................................... 56
13.2 De burgerlijke procedure................................................................................................................ 58
13.3 De strafprocedure.......................................................................................................................... 59
13.2 De hoven en rechtbanken............................................................................................................... 61
13.2.1 Het vredegerecht..................................................................................................................... 62
13.2.2 De politierechtbank.................................................................................................................. 62
13.2.3 De rechtbank van eerste aanleg.............................................................................................. 62
13.2.4 De arrondissementsrechtbank................................................................................................. 64
13.2.5 Hof van Assisen....................................................................................................................... 64
13.2.6 De ondernemingsrechtbank..................................................................................................... 65
13.2.7 De arbeidsrechtbank................................................................................................................ 65
13.2.8 Het arbeidshof.......................................................................................................................... 65
13.2.9 Het hof van Beroep................................................................................................................. 65
13.2.10 Het Hof van Cassatie............................................................................................................... 66
13.3 Andere instellingen......................................................................................................................... 68
13.3.1 Justitiehuizen........................................................................................................................... 68
13.3.2 Bureau voor juridische bijstand............................................................................................... 68
13.4 Andere rechtscolleges (buiten de rechterlijke macht).....................................................................69
13.4.1 Het Grondwettelijk Hof............................................................................................................ 69
13.4.2 De Raad van State, afdeling Bestuursrechtspraak....................................................................69
13.4.3 Dienst van de Bestuursrechtscolleges......................................................................................70
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, 13.4.4 De Raad voor Betwistingen inzake Studievoortgangbeslissingen.............................................70
13.4.5 Arbitrage.................................................................................................................................. 70
13. Subjectieve rechten........................................................................................................................... 71
13.1 Indeling van de subjectieve rechten............................................................................................ 71
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