Having a hard time remembering bacteria? This All-In-One Bacteria Summary from a 4.00 GPA medical student includes everything you need to know about bacteria! It divides bacteria into species, color-coded, and gives detailed about the bacteria and its key in a table format making it easy to read an...
Streptococcus agalactiae ● Beta-hemolysis ● Genital area & lower GI
(Group B Streptococcus) ● Severe infection in newborn, elderly, immunocompromised
● Infection of female genital tract, infants pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, skin & soft tissue infections,
arthritis, meningitis, UTI
● Vertical transmission
Streptococcus bovis ● Gamma hemolysis ● Formerly known as S. gallolyticus
(Group D Streptococcus) ● GI tract of humans & cows
● Bacteremia endocarditis
Streptococcus suis* ● Polysaccharide capsule ● Pigs; zoonotic disease thru close contact, eating of contaminated pork
● Acute bacterial meningitis
Enterococcus faecalis ● Gamma hemolysis ● GI tract, oval cavity, vagina
● Lower UTI in older man
Enterococcus faecium ● Uncomplicated cystitis in young women
● Bacteremia & endocarditis
● Healthcare-associated; biofilm
Clostridium spp. Bacilli / Anaerobic / Soil & marine sediments, intestinal tract of animals / Decompose protein or form toxins
Clostridium tetani* ● Tetanospasmin ● Soil and animal feces; thru wound
● Degrade synaptobrevin (VAMP2) → inhibit glycine and GABA → muscle does not relax
● Muscular spasms; opisthotonus (backward arching of head; severe)
● Death from respiratory interference
Clostridium botulinum* ● Spores resistant to heat ● Eating food contaminated w/ toxin or spore (canned food, honey)
● Botulinum (heat-labile) toxin ● Proteolysis of SNARE protein → inhibit acetylcholine release → lack of muscle contraction
● Visual disturbances, inability to swallow, speech difficulty → respiratory paralysis, cardiac arrest
● Infant botulism: honey (spore)
● Floppy baby syndrome, flaccid paralysis
Clostridioides difficile* ● Obligate anaerobe (but can ● Ingest spores from healthcare setting (nosocomial); antibiotic use
survive in aerobic using spores) ● Acute diarrheal illness due to pseudomembranous colitis
● Toxins A & B ● Spore germination → bacteria proliferate in colon → erosion of mucosa and pseudomembrane formation
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