Overzichtelijk document met alle hoorcolleges van deel 2 (periode 6) van ontwikkelingspsychologie en psychopathologie. Met het vorige deel heb ik een 8.7 gehaald. Ik heb alles uit de powerpoints in dit document staan en daarnaast aantekeningen van wat de docenten vertelden en wat niet in de powerpo...
Adaptive/nonclinical: most children have one or two fears appropriate to their age.
Problematic: interference with daily life and development
Anxiety disorders – shared characteristics
Excessive fear and anxiety
Related behavioral disturbances
Fear: emotional response to real/perceived imminent threat. Fear is related to
autonomic arousal that is necessary for fight or flight, escape behaviour.
Anxiety: anticipation of future threat. Anxiety is related to muscle tension and
vigilance. It is much longer lasting and maybe the treat isn’t present.
Not attributable to physiological effects of: (you always have to ask about what types
of medication someone is using and if someone is diagnosed with a medical
condition)
Medication/substance
Medical condition
Anxiety disorders – differences
, Types of feared or avoided objects/situations
Content of associated thoughts or believes
Anxiety disorders facts and figures
Most prevalent
Often early onset
2:1 female to male ratio
Wax and wane over time but they are chronic if not threated properly
High comorbidity
High individual impairment
No longer considered anxiety disorders:
OCD
Acute stress disorder
PTSD
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Non age-appropriate and excessive anxiety (or anticipation) of going away from
home or leaving attachment figures
Excessive worry that caregivers may be harmed
Persistent refusal to go anywhere which may cause separation
Frequent nightmares about separation
Recurrent physical complaints when not in close proximity to attachment
figures
Selective Mutism
A child shows consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which
there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school), despite speaking in other
situations.
The disturbance interferes with educational, occupational and social
achievement and interaction
Duration: at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school)
not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, speaking
The disturbance is not better explained by other disorders
Often co-exist with social anxiety disorder
,These behaviours are a method of self-protection during an experience of intense
anxiety. The age of onset is most often between two to four years of age. However
you don’t really identify it until kids go to school.
Specific phobia: DSM-5
A marked, intense fear/anxiety of a specific object or situation that
substantially interferes with the person’s ability to function
Phobic object almost always evokes immediate fear/anxiety
Phobic object is actively avoided or endured with intense fear/anxiety
Fear/anxiety is out of proportion (irrational)
Persistent: >6months
Not better explained by another disorder
Specific Phobia
7.4% cross-national life-time prevalence
Young age of onset (8 y/o)
60% has at least 1 comorbid disorder
Often suffered for many years
o Not always overt anxiety in daily life
Recognize excessiveness of their fear reaction
o But not of actual danger
Generalized Anxiety Disorder – DSM-5
People worry about all sort of things (everyday things)
Excessive anxiety and worry, occurring more days than not for at least 6
months about a number of events or activities
Difficulty controlling the worry
Associated with 3 or more other symptoms:
Clinically significant distress or impairment
Not attributable to medication, substance or other medical or mental disorder
GAD vs. normal worry
Generalized Anxiety Disorders – Facts
Prevalence: ~3%
Age of onset: 25-30 y/o
o But often, anxiety reported all their lives
66% has comorbid disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder – DSM-5
They are still able to speak (whereas someone with selective mutism does not
speak)
Marked fear/anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual
is exposed to possible scrutiny by others:
o Social interactions
o Being observed
, o Performing in front of others (children have to display these social fears
also around peers and not just with adults)
Individual fears he/she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be
negatively evaluated
o humiliating or embarrassing
o leading to rejection or offending others
Social situations (and behaviors) are avoided or endured with intense
fear/anxiety
Possible scrutiny: they are potentially critically observed.
Continued:
Social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety
Fear/anxiety is out of proportion
Persistent: > 6 months
Clinically significant distress or impairment
Not attributable to substance, medication, or other disorder/condition
Social Anxiety Disorder
Prevalence: 2-5%
Age of onset: adolescence (10-15 y/o)
Panic attacks may occur
Panic Disorder – DSM-5
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
Attacks are followed by one month period or more of (either/or):
o Persistent worry about having additional attacks or their consequences
o Significant change in behavior because of the attacks
Not attributable to substance, medicine or other disorder
Panic attack: Abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within 10
minutes and during which time 4 or more of the following symptoms occur:
Pounding or accelerated HR
Sweating Trembling or Shaking
Shortness or breath
Feelings of choking
Nausea
Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed or faint
Chills or heat sensations
Numbness or tingling sensations
Derealization or depersonalization
Fear of losing control or going crazy
Fear of dying
Panic Disorder
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