Summary
Summary chapter 17
- Course
- Institution
This is a summary of chapter 17. With all of my summaries for this course I passed it with an 7,7
[Show more]
1 review
By: dorindeminderman • 1 year ago
Seller
Follow
biomedicalsciencesvu
Reviews received
Content preview
Immunology Chapter 17 – Cancer and its interaction with theimmune system
Incidence: the number of new cases of cancer
Cancer types
- Carcinomas arise from epithelia (±85% of all cancers – so high because
epithelia form outer surface of the body and outer surface of digestive system
- Adenocarcinomas arise from glandular tissue (e.g. breast)
- Sarcomas arise from mesodermal tissues (e.g. bone, muscle)
- Lymphomas arise from (progenitors of) white blood cells
- Leukemias arise from immune cells
Development of cancer (oncogenese/carcinogenesis)
Normal epithelium hyperplasia dysplasia carcinoma in
situ invasive carcinoma lymph node and distant
metastases (uitzaaiingen)
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
- Oncogenes: drivers of tumor cell proliferation
- Tumor suppressor genes (p53): inhibitors of tumor cell proliferation
o Cell cycle arrest or senescence (quiescent stage of the cell)
o DNA repair
o Apoptosis
o Inhibition of angiogenesis
But, 50% of human cancer have mutation in p53
Cancer arise from a single cell with accumulated mutations.
Mutations increase upon aging (more accumulation of mutations in the DNA because
accumulation takes time) and via exposure to mutagens and carcinogens (UV-
radiation, X-ray radiation, smoking, asbestos).
Certain viral infections can also lead to cancer development: HPV (gential warts
(benign) and cervix carcinoma), hepatitis B virus (liver cancer) and Epstein-Barr virus
(Burkitt’s lymphoma)
Cancer and the immune system
Initially cancer hallmarks (without immune system):
- Evasion of growth inhibitor signals
- Evasion of cell death
- Metastasis
- Angiogenesis
Immune system can recognize and eliminate cancer cells =
immunosurveillance
- DC take up tumor antigens and present them to T cells and there is
activation of CTL which can kill tumor cells
- NK cells can recognize tumor cells and kill them
2 types of tumor antigens
1. Tumor specific antigens: can only be found in tumor cells
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller biomedicalsciencesvu. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.25. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now