Geschiedenis Van Interculturele Contacten (FOLA9A)
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Samenvatting geschiedenis van de Interculturele Contacten
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Course
Geschiedenis Van Interculturele Contacten (FOLA9A)
Institution
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
Book
Ontmoetingen in het Westen
Samenvatting studieboek Ontmoetingen in het Westen van Johan Verberckmoes (sporadisch delen uit het boek) - ISBN: 9789463371414, Druk: 1, Uitgavejaar: - (.)
Geschiedenis Van Interculturele Contacten (FOLA9A)
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Kasper Nollet Academiejaar: 2020-2021
Ontmoetingen in het Westen
Een wereldgeschiedenis van de interculturele contacten
Inhoud
Inleiding: wat is het Westen? .................................................................................................................. 6
Geografische uitganspunten: .............................................................................................................. 6
Expansie christelijke religie en islam creëren een ‘Westen’ ............................................................... 6
Chronologisch uitgangspunt:............................................................................................................... 7
1 De oudste westelijke globalisering ....................................................................................................... 8
Big history in Amerika.......................................................................................................................... 8
Incapad ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Woestijnvorming in de Sahara ............................................................................................................ 9
De Feniciërs ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Fenicische interculturaliteit ............................................................................................................... 11
2 Arabieren, Vikingen en christenen onderweg (7de tot 12de eeuw) ..................................................... 12
2.1 De Islam naar het Westen ........................................................................................................... 12
Dar al-Islam.................................................................................................................................... 12
Verklaringen succes islamexpansie ............................................................................................... 13
Islam en de anderen ...................................................................................................................... 13
Al-Andalus, het Arabische Iberische schiereiland ......................................................................... 14
Al-Andalus in de luwte van de islamwereld .................................................................................. 15
Al-Andalus onder de Omajjaden ................................................................................................... 15
Cordoba: hoofdstad van de Omajjaden ........................................................................................ 16
Convivencia ................................................................................................................................... 16
1031-1086 taifa’s: ca. 60 staten .................................................................................................... 16
Bloei Arabische wetenschap.......................................................................................................... 18
Sahara als (wereld-) handelszone.................................................................................................. 19
Sahara en Jihad .............................................................................................................................. 20
Maghreb (Almohaden) en jihad .................................................................................................... 21
2.2 Scandinavische globalisering ....................................................................................................... 21
Vikingen (c. 900-1200) ................................................................................................................... 21
Normandisch/ keizerlijk Sicilië....................................................................................................... 21
2.3 Kruisvaarten en handel in de middellandse zee.......................................................................... 22
1
Geel = extra duiding in het handboek
Tijdlijn: https://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/1460674/Geschiedenis-van-de-interculturele-
contacten/
,Kasper Nollet Academiejaar: 2020-2021
Italiaanse handelssteden: Amalfi .................................................................................................. 22
Pisa ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Genua ............................................................................................................................................ 23
Venetië .......................................................................................................................................... 23
Shock van de kruistochten ............................................................................................................ 24
3 De Middellandse Zee in de balans tussen Oost-West (13de-15de E) ................................................... 25
3.1 De westelijke Middellandse Zee als globalisering hub ................................................................ 25
Christelijk overwicht in de Middellandse Zee ............................................................................... 25
Enter: Jakob I de Veroveraar en de Catalanen .............................................................................. 27
Catalanen spelen mee in het grote spel ........................................................................................ 28
Eindspel in Al-Andalus: de Nasriden.............................................................................................. 28
De reconquista in een stroomversnelling ..................................................................................... 29
Niemand die het verwacht: de Spaanse inquisitie ........................................................................ 30
Einde van de convivencia .............................................................................................................. 31
3.2 De lokroep van de Saharahandel ................................................................................................ 31
De macht van Mali......................................................................................................................... 31
3.3 Ottomanen aan de Middellandse Zee ................................................................................... 33
Het emiraat van Osman................................................................................................................. 33
Ottomanen tussen Oost en West .................................................................................................. 34
Tussen Oost en West ..................................................................................................................... 35
Hof Ottomaanse sultan (interculturaliteit).................................................................................... 35
Gevolgen voor de verhoudingen in de MZ .................................................................................... 36
Christelijk overwicht in de Middellandse Zee?.............................................................................. 37
3.4 Portugese interacties aan de kusten van West-Afrika ................................................................ 38
Atlantische eilanden ...................................................................................................................... 38
Atlantische expansie van Portugal ................................................................................................ 38
Portugezen en West-Afrikaanse kusten ........................................................................................ 38
Portugese slavenhandel ................................................................................................................ 39
Vormen van slavernij ..................................................................................................................... 40
4 Mondialisering in de lange zestiende eeuw ....................................................................................... 41
4.1 1492: een nieuwe horizon voor de wereld?................................................................................ 41
De schok van de ‘ontdekking’ ........................................................................................................ 41
Het Europese perspectief: legitimeren zeeroutes ........................................................................ 42
4.2 Ottomaanse wereldheerschappij ................................................................................................ 43
Sultan Selim (1512-1520) .............................................................................................................. 43
2
Geel = extra duiding in het handboek
Tijdlijn: https://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/1460674/Geschiedenis-van-de-interculturele-
contacten/
,Kasper Nollet Academiejaar: 2020-2021
Sultan Suleiman (1520-1566) de Prachtlievende, de Wetgever, de Grote: hoogtepunt .............. 43
Vanaf eind 16de eeuw: decentralisering ........................................................................................ 44
Fascinatie en vrees in Europa ........................................................................................................ 45
Nieuwsberichten en pamfletten ................................................................................................... 45
Venetiaanse kennis van Turken..................................................................................................... 45
Venetianen, Fransen, Engelsen… en ottomanen?......................................................................... 46
Habsburg diplomaten naar de ottomanen.................................................................................... 46
4.3 West-Afrikaanse mondialisering ................................................................................................. 47
Afrikaanse koninkrijken ................................................................................................................. 47
Atlantische slavenhandel, made in Africa ..................................................................................... 47
Congo koninkrijk ............................................................................................................................ 48
4.4 Vroege uitwisselingen over de Atlantische oceaan..................................................................... 49
Life on the Atlantic ocean.............................................................................................................. 49
Biologische transfers ..................................................................................................................... 49
Is dit globalisering? ........................................................................................................................ 50
4.5 Spaans-Portugees-Habsburgs wereldrijk 1580-1640 .................................................................. 51
De unie van de kronen .................................................................................................................. 52
Religie en wereldbeeld .................................................................................................................. 53
Kroniekschrijver Guaman Poma de Ayala in Peru ......................................................................... 54
‘knock knock, it's the dutch’: Nederlandse mondialisering........................................................... 55
5 Een trans-Atlantische wereld, 17de – 18de eeuw................................................................................. 56
5.0 Ten geleide .................................................................................................................................. 56
Chronologie van een aantal mijlpalen ........................................................................................... 56
Interculturaliteit op Atlantische oceaan........................................................................................ 56
5.1 Een uitdijende oceaan ................................................................................................................. 57
Kolonisatie? (anders dan in 19de en 20ste eeuw) ........................................................................ 57
Brazilië ........................................................................................................................................... 58
Spaans-Portugese grenzen in Zuid-Amerika.................................................................................. 58
5.2 Amerikaanse kustgebieden ......................................................................................................... 59
Rio de la Plata ................................................................................................................................ 59
Amazonegebied ............................................................................................................................. 59
Caraïben ........................................................................................................................................ 59
Louisiana ........................................................................................................................................ 60
Engels Noord-Amerika................................................................................................................... 60
5.3 Europese en Afrikaanse kustgebieden ........................................................................................ 61
3
Geel = extra duiding in het handboek
Tijdlijn: https://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/1460674/Geschiedenis-van-de-interculturele-
contacten/
, Kasper Nollet Academiejaar: 2020-2021
Europese handelssteden ............................................................................................................... 61
Iberische steden ............................................................................................................................ 61
Afrikaanse kuststeden ................................................................................................................... 61
5.4 De Middellandse Zee en Ottomaanse globalisering.................................................................... 62
17de eeuw: decentralisering .......................................................................................................... 63
Positie niet-moslims ...................................................................................................................... 63
Dragomannen ................................................................................................................................ 64
Problemen bij de decentralisatie .................................................................................................. 64
Vanaf eind 17e eeuw: langdurig verval… ....................................................................................... 64
De tulpenperiode........................................................................................................................... 65
Etappes van modernisering en globalisering: drukpers ................................................................ 65
Jean-Baptiste Vanmour (1671-1737) ............................................................................................ 65
Etappes van modernisering en globalisering: religie .................................................................... 65
Etappes van modernisering en globalisering: handel ................................................................... 65
Christelijke slaven op de Barbarijse kusten ................................................................................... 65
5.5 Diaspora’s: Menselijke globalisering (slaven en zeelieden) ........................................................ 66
Mobiliteit en vermenging .............................................................................................................. 66
Afrikaanse slavenhandel................................................................................................................ 66
Caraïbische eilanden ..................................................................................................................... 66
Situatie slaven ............................................................................................................................... 68
5.6 Diaspora’s: religieuze globalisering ............................................................................................. 68
Voorbeelden van globaliseren christelijke religie ......................................................................... 68
Voorbeelden van globaliseren Afrikaanse religie .......................................................................... 69
6 Westerse globalisering in de negentiende eeuw ............................................................................... 70
6.1 De roep om politieke vrijheid, 1776-1804................................................................................... 70
Trans-Atlantische revoluties .......................................................................................................... 70
1776 ............................................................................................................................................... 70
Afrikaanse vrijheid ......................................................................................................................... 70
Haïti 1804 ...................................................................................................................................... 71
6.2 Alternatieve vrijheden, 1805-1830 ............................................................................................. 71
Politieke vrijheid bij de Ottomanen .............................................................................................. 71
Modernisering bij de Ottomanen .................................................................................................. 72
Spaans-Amerikaanse onafhankelijkheid ....................................................................................... 72
Brazilië ........................................................................................................................................... 72
Anti-slavernij beweging ................................................................................................................. 73
4
Geel = extra duiding in het handboek
Tijdlijn: https://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/1460674/Geschiedenis-van-de-interculturele-
contacten/
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