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Samenvatting Radioactiviteit
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Radioactiviteit kort en overzichtelijk samengevat
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RADIOACTIVITEITATOOMSTRUCTUUR
groot naar klein
cel → celorganel → molecule → atoom → kerndeeltje
spiercel mitochondriën suiker koolstof proton
1895: Wilhelm Röntgen
1900: radiografische foto’s/Edison
ontdekkers
- Becquerel
- Marie Sklodowska Curie
NUCLEONEN EN NUCLIDEN
kern van een atoom --------> kerndeeltjes of nucleonen
opgebouwd uit
kerndeeltjes of nucleonen
- protonen (p+)
→ alle p+ zijn identiek dezelfde m
- neutronen n⁰
→ alle n⁰ zijn identiek dezelfde m ≈ m (p+)
nuclide
= atoomkern met een bepaald aantal neutronen en protonen
→ wordt symbolisch voorgesteld door
- Z = atoomnummer = aantal protonen LINKSBOVEN DE STOF
- A = massagetal = aantal nucleonen LINKSONDER DE STOF
= som aantal protonen en neutronen
- N = neutronental = aantal neutronen
→N=A-Z
→A=N+Z
- aantal elektronen = aantal protonen
ISOTOPEN
isotopen = atomen van eenzelfde element met
- zelfde aantal p+ en e- → zelfde Z, dus zelfde symbool
- verschillend aantal n⁰ → verschillende massa, dus verschillend massagetal (A)
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